Persian

Focus particles

• The contrastive particle ke and the additive particle ham

• Contrastive Topic marker

ke, ham, and hamke as a Contrastive Topic marker

• Syntax of focus particles

Copular verbs

• Syntactic differences between the independent forms (e.g., hastam) and the dependent forms (e.g., am).

• Ungrammatical uses of the dependent forms: enclitic focus particles, ellipsis, concessive intonation

man dAneSju hastam vs. man dAneSju=am 'I am a student.'

man dAneSju=ham hastam vs. *man dAneSju=ham=am 'I am a [student]F, too.'

• Stress assignment in copular predicates