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B.Sc. III

Semester V

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY

Unit II: Metabolism

2.1 Photosynthesis: Introduction, Role of Light, Photosynthetic Apparatus and Pigments, Two Pigment Systems.

Photophosphorylation, C3 and C4 cycle, CAM Pathway.

2.2 Respiration: Introduction, Mitochondria as a Respiratory centre.

Types of Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic.

Mechanism of aerobic respiration: Glycolysis, Kreb cycle, Electron transport system and Chemiosmotic ATP generation.

Respiratory Quotient.

Unit IV: Plant Responses

4.1 Photoperiodism: Concept of Florigen, Role of Phytochrome.

4.2 Vernalization: Concept and Significance.

4.3 Plant movement: Tropic (Phototropic and Geotropic) and Nastic (Epinasty, Hyponasty and Seismonasty)

4.4 Stress physiology: Concept, Types of stress, Water and Salinity stress.

Semester VI

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Unit III: Regulation of Gene Expression

3.1 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes: Operon concept with special reference to Lac Operon

3.2 Regulation of gene expression of Eukaryotes: Britton Davidson Model

3.3 Protein Folding Mechanism and Structure (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary)

3.4 Protein Sorting: Targeting to proteins to organelles

3.5 Protein Trafficking

Unit IV: Genetic Engineering

4.1 Tools and techniques of recombinant DNA technology,

4.2 Restriction Enzymes: Nomenclature and Types

4.3 Cloning vectors: Plasmids, Phages, Cosmids

4.4 Gene Source: Genomic and cDNA library

4.5 Gene Transfer Techniques:

Direct: (1) Chemical method, (2) Electroporation, (3) Gene gun method

Indirect: Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer

4.6 Gene Amplification: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)