Economics
2008 saw a worldwide financial crisis, which was contributed to heavily by the American mortgage crisis. This was caused by quickly rising home prices, specifically in the US, and risky high price mortgages. Around 2007, the market peaked and began to fall. This financial crisis led into a recession. This period of market decline lasted from 2007-2009.
Wars (US Specific)
The War on Terror and the War in Afghanistan began in 2001 post the September 11 attacks. The US also led an invasion of Iraq, leading to the Iraq war that went from 2003 - 2011.
Presidents
George W. Bush was President from 2001-2009, Obama was elected in 2008.
Climate Change
Climate change and global warming became common concerns in the 2000s. Prediction tools, which made significant progress, contributed to this, as well as several studies and organizations bringing climate change to the public and gaining support to counter climate change.
Internet
This decade contained the rise of the internet, allowing faster communication globally. Email became the primary way of sending messages to people instead of sending letters, or "snail mail" as it was called. MySpace was an extremely popular social network, launching in 2003. Amazon's popularity also grew in this time.
MySpace Home Page
MySpace Tom, the creator of MySpace
What a typical MySpace profile looks like
Popular Culture
The rise of CGI and computer advancements led to new computer animated films, such as Shrek, Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Kung Fu Panda, and other DreamWorks and Disney-Pixar movies as they took control of the animated movie industry. FRIENDS final episode aired in 2004. Other popular TV shows of the time include The Office, Breaking Bad, Grey's Anatomy, and Gilmore Girls.
The iPod was extremely popular in the 2000s, as well as DVDs being preferred over videotapes. Flip phones, such as BlackBerrys and Motorolas were popular, but the worlds best selling phone at the time was the Nokia.
The Y2K aesthetic was big, defined by low rise jeans, crop tops, shiny metallic clothing, bold colors, and large chunky accessories.