Kazakh folk melodies are incredibly musical and attractive. Kazakh melodies weave invisible ties between the people and our dead forefathers. We can communicate with their ancestors and learn how to explore the world through music. People can still communicate with their future generations through song and inform them how they are doing.
Here are some of the Kazakh folk songs genres that you can explore.
Terme (kaz. 'Collect') – recitation, musical and lyrical folk song composition type. The phrase "terme aitu" means "to sing a recitative among the people." The phrase is widely used as a poetic-melodic utterance in a piece of music. It's like an advisory/teaching saying presented clearly in recitation. In the form of a recitative, they are short and regular in the rhythm of the song. Poems and melodies spoken in this genre are easily remembered by the general public and recalled in memory associatively.
Performed by Bidas Rüstembekov, vocal and dombyra. Words and music by Jienbai, grandfather of Bidas. A Journey to Epic Qyzylorda: Three Kazakh Jyraus.
Recorded in Qarmaqshy, Qyzylorda region, and published in A Journey to Epic Qyzylorda: Three Kazakh Jyraus (DVD), vol. 4 of Musical Treasures of The Silk Road House (Silk Road House, 2013), scene 10.
(2001)
Composed by Nurtughan Kenjegululy on a text by Mysabai, performed by Rysbek Ashimov, vocal and dombyra.
Recorded in Qarmaqshy, Qyzylorda region, and published in A Journey to Epic Qyzylorda: Three Kazakh Jyraus (DVD), vol. 4 of Musical Treasures of The Silk Road House (Silk Road House, 2013), track 27.
(2001)
Lament tunes are distinguished by their limited tonal ranges, one or two melodic themes with convex melody lines, and low ending notes.
Sïŋsuw ‘bride's farewell song’, Šükirana (87), BÖ. Nogōn Nūr district, July 1996.
The bride's lament is sung when she leaves her parents for her husband's home.
Content of the lament:
Aynalayïn atïŋnan Kudayïm ay, Be your name blessed, my God,
Keziktirme pendeŋdi wayïmga. Do not bring sorrow upon your servant's head.
Köp aytuwga kelmeydi til menen jak, My tongue and jaw are feeble to sing much,
Xalïk išinde karagïm sïnayïn-ba. It's me of the people who am to test you, love.
Refr. Refr.
Ey, Allam, ayamadïŋ pendeŋdi, Oh, God, you did not take pity on your servant,
Aynalayïn, kay-teyin ketken äkem, Woe is me, what shall I do, I've parted with my father.
Armandan bop düniyeden ötken apam. My dear mother died an untimely death,
Oy Allam, kay-teyin ašïmagan janïŋdï, Oh God, you did not take pity on my life,
Bir janïŋa bermediŋ jïygan-tergen malïŋdï. You didn't let this mortal have any of your goods.
Jar-jar ‘wedding song’, Mogïlxan molda (56), Nalayh, Töw country, Aug 1997.
The jar-jar tune, sung at the bridal feast by alternating groups of men and women, is a traditional wedding song. Its content ranges from solemn compliments and exhortations to amusing jokes.
Content of the lament:
Jigit lad
Alïp kelgen bazardan kara makpal, Black velvet was brought back from the bazaar,
Kara makpal säwkele šašïŋ basar. A black head-dress covers your head.
Munda äkem kaldï dep kam jemeŋiz, Don't be sorry that your father remains here,
Jaksï bolsa kayïn-ataŋ ornun basar. If your father-in-law's good, he will take his place.
Kïz lass
Esik aldï kara suw, maydan bolsïn, Clean water outside the door, be it the meeting place,
Ak jüzimdi körgende aynam bolsïn. Be it the reflection of my white face.
Kayïn-atasï bar deydi boz balalar, I have a father-in-law, the lads say,
Aynalayïn äkemdey kaydan bolsïn! But how could he take the place of my dearest father!
Jigit lad
Ak koyan kašadï jotalatïp, jar-jar, A white hare's running over the hill,
Ak taylak ösir botalatïp, jar-jar. Rear a white camel calf gently tending to it.
Munša nege jïlaysïŋ, jar-jar, Why are you crying so much?
Artïŋnan izdep bara apalatïp, jar-jar. You follow her searching, calling out 'mother'.
Äldiy ‘lullaby’, Mädiyne (51), BÖ country seat, July 1996.
Lullabies were sung to accompany the children to sleep. It is also known as besik jïrï.
Content of the lament:
Äldiy-äldiy, abayïm, Sleep, sleep, little babe,
Atka terlik jabayïn. I put sweat-cloth on the horse.
Seniŋ šešeŋ kïdïrmakšï, Your mother is on the loose,
Kaydan izdep tabayïn, Where shall I find her now,
Äldiy, ay, äldiy, ay. Sleep, sleep.
Äldiy-äldiy, ak böpem, Sleep, sleep, little babe,
Ak besikke jat böpem. Lie in a white cradle.
Seniŋ šešeŋ kïdïrmakšï, Your mother is on the loose,
Kaydan izdep tabayïn, Where shall I find her now,
Äldiy, ay, äldiy, ay. Sleep, sleep.
Köris ‘lament’, Jambï (65), BÖ. Nogōn Nūr district, July 1996.
Joktaw or Köris are tunes for the dead, it was sung by the Kazakh to accompany the deceased to their grave.
Content of the lament:
Ay, dalada kuw kazïk, There's a grey pole in the steppe,
Kulannïŋ eti jolga azïk, The meat of the wild donkey is good food for the road.
Jïlamayïn desem de, I don't want to cry
Üyim bir kaldï kulazïp. But my yurt is deserted.
Äwede uškan babaygak, There's a falcon flying in the sky,
Jeliniŋ basïn bïlay kak, Throw the rope of the colts here,
Janïmda jürgen kargam aw, Sweetheart, you were with me,
Janïm bir kaldï (muŋayïp). Now I'm overcome by sadness.
Kazakh Music | Kazakhstan Culture | Travel to Kazakhstan. (n.d.). https://visitkazakhstan.kz/en/about/59/
Audio excerpt are taken from:
Sipos, J., Kara, D. S., & Csáki, É. (2001). Kazakh Folksongs from the Two Ends of the Steppe. Akademiai Kiado. https://zti.hu/sipos_ebook/kazakh/kazakh.htm
The music of Central Asia. (n.d.). The Music of Central Asia. https://www.musicofcentralasia.org/Tracks/Chapter/11