Festival, holidays and rituals are an ever-present element in culture, as it keeps the social communication within the culture alive through its celebrations and performances. Furthermore, they act as an identity to a culture and portray the culture’s beliefs, norms, and values to the world. Kazakhstan, a country full of cultural colours, also have their own rituals and annual festivals as well as ho and you can learn all about them here!
A culture is not one without festivals that are to commemorate historical, religious, and cultural events and Kazakhstan proves that right by celebrating various types of festivals every year. Want to know more? Scroll down below!
Kurban Ait or Eid Al-Adha, is a holiday celebrated by muslims in Kazakhstan annually. The Kazakhs celebrate this holiday by gathering in mosques to perform prayer in the early morning. Then, they would make sacrifices using animals like cow and lamb which meat would then be treated to relatives and friends.
Easter is a celebration of the resurrection of Jesus. The Christian Kazakhs also celebrates this holiday to inspire people to do good deeds. During the celebrations, a part of the Holy Fire from the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem was transported to the southern regions' priests.
Click on the pictures if you want to know more about these national celebrations!
Nauryz is a three-day music festival that welcomes Spring and is celebrated across Central Asia. This music festival is usually held from the 21st of March until the 23rd of March, based on the spring equinox, following the Iranian Solar Hijri calendar. This festival is also listed in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in the year of 2009. During these three days, Kazakhs will celebrate and participate in these music festivals by doing a lot of activities such as concerts, exhibitions, sports competitions, and folk festivals. Kazakhs who participate will congratulate each other with phrases such as “Nauryz meiramy kutty bolsyn! Ak mol bolsyn!,” which means “Congratulations on Nauryz! Let there be abundance!” A person replies with “Birge bolsyn,” which means “And the same to you!”
Celebrated in August, the Jezkiik Ulytau is an international festival that hosts music and food festivals. This festival is held in Ulytau, a special place among the holy sites of Kazakhstan as it is the sacred birthplace of the Kazakhs, representing the country's solidarity and valiant fight for freedom. This festival is celebrated to raise the popularity of world folklore works, and many countries like Mexico, Peru, Poland, Russia, Turkey, Tajikistan, France, Scotland, and Japan participated in this festival to compete and win the opportunity to have a concert during the festival. Other than that, a tourism forum was also organised within the festival and at the end of it, an excursion to the Ulytau"s sacred places designed for foreign guests is conducted.
Representing the celebration of the four Es: earth, energy, ecstatic, and experience, the Four E festival is an open-air celebration for adults, children, and creative as well as business-minded people. This diverse festival hosts over 10, 000 people from Kazakhstan as well as abroad, and they usually attend to enjoy activities such as music performances, practising yoga sessions and zumba marathons, eating myriad types of cuisine from countries all over the world, and buying handcrafted works.
Ritual is one of the most important cultural elements for a culture as the practised of it within a community will solidify their identity and oftentimes, act as a medium for people in the culture to connect by doing the same practice. Below are some of the most commonly practised rituals in Kazakhstan.
When a young woman and a young guy in Kazakhstan fall in love, they will inform their families of their plans to marry. Then, a family member of the young guy, which is also known as Zhavsy, will visit the young woman's home to let her parents know of the intentions to tie the knot and to get their blessing. If the young woman's response is positive, they will dress the Zhavsy in traditional attire and shout, "Kudalyk Berik Balsin! (Let our matchmaking bear fruit)" to indicate their approval.
After the matchmaking, it will be followed by the meeting of in-laws when the father of the groom and his relatives come to visit the bride's home to bear gifts. Then, the bride's family will invite the guests to feast and the in-laws will eat together. Before they left, the matchmakers were also given priceless clothing, accessories, headgear, and animals.
During Kyz Kashar, the groom will be visiting his future bride in a secret manner even though the whole town knows of this meeting. Before the groom can meet the bride's family, he and his entourage will complete several rites in the village. Once it is complete, the groom, bride, and other youths will celebrate it the next day by dancing and exchanging gifts.
On their wedding day, the groom will be clad in a robe with a feathered headpiece reminiscent of an eagle owl, he was required to pay a fine unless he fulfilled certain requirements. Meanwhile, the bride would get ready in her father's home, and the saukele headdress—a highly prized article of traditional Kazakh apparel—would be the final accessory which represented her admission into marriage and her departure from the carefree girl of her youth. The bride received what was known as jasau gifts, which comprised dishes, carpets, priceless jewellery, and opulent clothing. Furthermore, there will be wrestling, horse racing, and other events at the bridal celebration.
To ensure a successful delivery and a healthy baby, an entire Kazakh family will comply with a set of rules. People who wish to have children and those who wish to but are unable to do so adhere to certain beliefs and rituals as a result of these regulations.
One of the rituals is to avoid giving birth through practices that are carried through magical means and instead opt for traditional means. Other than that, Kazakh women will consume part of the abomasum if they want their baby to be a boy. Meanwhile, Kazakhs in Uzbekistan used to roll over a boy or a girl, depending on the gender of the baby that the newlyweds wanted, on the newlyweds' bed.
In some parts of the rural areas, rural Kazakhs continue to practise the custom of feeding newlyweds with the legs of a recently slain animal in hopes of bestowing a son upon the young wife. For Kazakh women who have trouble getting pregnant, there is also a ritual or custom practised which is to borrow underwear from a woman who has just given birth.
During their pregnancy, their mother-in-law would cover the hem of their pregnant daughter-in-law's dress to avoid having a miscarriage. The pregnant woman is also forbidden to hold any sharp objects like knife and scissors due to the superstitions that it will cause them to give birth to a premature baby.
However, it is worth noting that some of these rituals may not have been practised for a long time or have been adjusted to fit the modern time.
In Kazakh culture, Besik Toy is a ceremony that is celebrated after the birth of a child and it is one of the most important day in a child's life. This ceremony starts after the baby's umbilical cord dries up and falls off which then this 'toy' will be held and relatives will come bearing gifts. Then, before the baby is placed in the cradle, the cradle is to be cleaned wuth juniper or harmala grass while singing a song that goes like this:
“Alas, alas,
Survive the moon,
Year after year,
Here comes the boy,
The Lord has given goodness,
The light widened the sun.
Let our garments be filled with grain,
Let our mouths be filled with bread,
Let it be as sweet as the baby of a fox
Alas, alas!”
Finally, to protect the baby from being scared and jinxed, items like eagle feathers, beads from the evil eye, amulets, and an eagle hoof are hung on the cradle, and a wedge or penknife is placed under the pillow.
Above is a video of the celebration of Besik Toy by a Kazakh family.
In Kazakhstan, traditional and Islamic beliefs are combined for performing funerals. The deceased's body is cleaned and covered in white fabric following Muslim tradition. This procedure is conducted in a yurt that has been specially constructed for the purpose.
The corpse then gets carried to the cemetery on a stretcher and the funeral is performed by a "mullah" with weeping women frequently heard during the funeral. The deceased's body is buried in the ground after prayers are spoken.
Finally, a mourning flag will be hung at the yurt where the corpse of the deceased is resting before burial. The colour of the flag differs on the person as it indicates the age of the deceased (red colour for a young person, black colour for middle-aged, or white colour for elderly).
The graves of the Kazakh people are frequently adorned with dome-shaped monuments composed of brick, clay, or stone, to which a pole bearing a rice-wrapped object is fastened.
The graves are surrounded by stone gates, and traditional sacrificial rituals are performed at the cemetery, where a figure of nine is made—a symbol of luck and wealth.
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