There are several forms of glaucoma, each with unique characteristics. Primary open angle glaucoma is the most common type and develops gradually as fluid in the eye drains too slowly, leading to pressure buildup. Angle closure glaucoma is less common but can occur suddenly and requires immediate medical attention due to severe pressure increases. Normal tension glaucoma develops even when pressure levels are not considered elevated, which makes it more challenging to diagnose. Secondary glaucoma occurs as a result of other eye conditions, injuries, or medications. Understanding the type of glaucoma a patient has is crucial in determining the best treatment plan.

Glaucoma rarely causes discomfort or noticeable vision changes. As the condition advances, patients may start to experience blind spots in their peripheral vision. Tunnel vision can develop as optic nerve damage progresses. In cases of acute angle closure glaucoma, symptoms may appear suddenly with severe eye pain, headaches, blurred vision, halos around lights, or nausea. This type requires immediate medical treatment. The subtle progression of most glaucoma cases highlights the importance of regular comprehensive eye exams to detect the disease before symptoms appear.

At Vance Thompson Vision in Cedar Rapids, advanced diagnostic tools are used to identify glaucoma early. A comprehensive eye exam may include measuring intraocular pressure, examining the drainage angle, assessing the optic nerve for damage, and testing the visual field for blind spots. Imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography provide detailed pictures of the optic nerve and retinal layers. Early diagnosis through these advanced methods allows doctors to tailor a treatment plan before significant vision loss occurs.