懷孕

子宮內膜異位兩大說法：

1> 經血倒流是最社為人的學說，輸卵管如同橋樑一樣，出口接駁子宮與盆腔，卵子與精子多於輸卵管內受精。經期來臨時，經血可以由子宮，沿輸卵倒流到盆腔。這些經血如能被盆腔吸收固然無礙，假若子宮內膜細胞於盆腔落地生根，便會引致子宮內膜異位。

2> 淋巴系統為身體的重要免疫系統，遍佈全身。有指子宮內膜細胞乃是經過淋巴組織到達身體各處，因此可出現在肺部，腸道、膀胱等地方。

Endometriosis

1> Menstrual reflux is the most social doctrine. The fallopian tube is like a bridge. The exit connects the uterus and pelvis. There are more eggs and sperm than fertilization in the fallopian tube. When menstruation comes, menstrual blood can flow back from the uterus to the pelvic cavity along the oviposit. If these menstrual blood can be absorbed by the pelvis, there is no problem. If the endometrial cells take root in the pelvis, it will cause endometriosis.

2> The lymphatic system is the body's important immune system, spreading throughout the body. It is pointed that the endometrial cells reach the body through the lymphatic tissue, so they can appear in the lungs, intestines, bladder and other places.

積血滯於卵巢成瘤：

卵巢是子宮內膜異位最常發生的位置。女性每月之所以會來經，全因子宮內膜剝落、出血。生於卵巢的子宮內膜組織仍有每月出血的特性，但這些經血在卵巢中無法排出，久而久之就會形成積血，外層由子宮內膜組織包裹。囊腫內部的舊血如同朱古力漿一樣，故有朱古力瘤之名。朱古力瘤可以小至1、2CM，也可大至10CM或以上，至於其生長杗速度及徵狀的嚴重程度則因人而異。經痛與不孕為朱古力瘤的典型徵狀。此外，病人於來經期間可能還會常有尿意、便意、腹瀉或排便習慣異常。如果情況嚴重，病人甚至在經期以外的時間也會腹痛。朱古力瘤最常見的併發症為急性出血與發炎。此外，卵巢會因朱古力瘤而變大，故容易扭曲並無血到，最終壞死。上述任何一種併發症，皆可引急性腹膜炎。體積愈大的朱古力瘤，急性出血機會愈高。腹部如遭外力撞擊，以及每月的經期及排卵，同樣可致急性出血。朱古力瘤與荷爾蒙(主要為雌激素)有密切關係。雌激素會刺激子宮內膜細胞變得活躍及生長。每月排卵前，雌激素水平會上升。排卵之後，卵子如果沒有與精子結合，黃體素(孕酮)水平就會開始下降，讓子宮內膜剝落，帶來月經。對於具有生育能力的女士而言，從初經到收經前，荷爾蒙都會保持活躍，促使異位的子宮內膜出血，令朱古力瘤變大。相反，更年期及懷孕期間，女性荷爾蒙水平(雌激素與黃體素)降低，子宮內膜細胞變得不活躍，出血及影響均會減少，對子宮內膜異位症女士可言，可算是暫時的「解脫」。

Hematoma stagnates in ovarian tumors:

The ovary is the place where endometriosis occurs most often. The reason why women come to menstruation every month is that full-factor endometrium peels and bleeds. Endometrial tissues born in the ovary still have the characteristics of monthly bleeding, but these menstrual blood cannot be excreted in the ovary. Over time, blood will form, and the outer layer is covered by endometrial tissue. The old blood inside the cyst is like chocolate pulp, hence the name of chocolate tumor. Chocolate tumors can be as small as 1, 2 cm, or as large as 10 cm or more. As for the growth rate and the severity of symptoms, it varies from person to person.Menstrual pain and infertility are typical symptoms of chocolate tumors. In addition, patients may often have urine, stool, diarrhea, or abnormal bowel habits during menstruation. If the condition is severe, the patient will have abdominal pain even outside of the period. The most common complications of chocolate tumors are acute bleeding and inflammation. In addition, the ovaries can become enlarged due to chocolate tumors, so they are easily distorted and bloodless, and eventually die. Any of these complications can lead to acute peritonitis. The larger the volume of chocolate tumors, the higher the chance of acute bleeding. If the abdomen is hit by external forces, and the menstrual period and ovulation every month, it can also cause acute bleeding. Chocolate tumors are closely related to hormones (mainly estrogen). Estrogen stimulates endometrial cells to become active and grow. Before ovulation every month, estrogen levels rise. After ovulation, if the egg is not combined with sperm, the level of progesterone (progesterone) will start to drop, causing the endometrium to peel off and bring menstruation. For fertile women, hormones remain active from menstruation to before menstruation, which promotes ectopic endometrial bleeding and enlarges chocolate tumors. On the contrary, during menopause and pregnancy, female hormone levels (estrogen and progesterone) are reduced, endometrial cells become inactive, and bleeding and effects will be reduced. This is temporary for women with endometriosis. "relief".

手術絕非一了百了：

當女士處於生育年齡，並有生育打算，手術治療一般只會切除朱古力瘤。只有卵巢已受嚴重破壞，不剩一點正常卵巢組織，又或者已經收經，卵巢無作用，才會選擇切除卵巢。唯當子宮內膜組織已蝕入子宮肌肉層形成腺肌症，並影響經期，才會考慮切除子宮。

手術有機會引致流血，發炎、傷及正常卵巢組織，如果出現內臟黏連，亦可能造成內臟損傷，最常見為膀胱、輸尿管及腸道，手術後朱古力瘤是有機會復發。到時亦需要從頭進行檢查。

The surgery is by no means a hundred :

When a woman is of childbearing age and has a childbirth intention, surgical treatment usually only removes chocolate tumors. Only when the ovaries have been severely damaged, no normal ovarian tissue remains, or the ovaries have no effect, will they choose to remove the ovaries. Only when the endometrial tissue has eroded into the uterine muscle layer to form adenomyopathy, which affects the menstrual period, will it be considered to remove the uterus.

Surgery may cause bleeding, inflammation, and damage to normal ovarian tissue. If visceral adhesions occur, visceral damage may also occur. The most common are the bladder, ureter, and intestine. There is a chance of a recurrence of chocolate tumor after surgery. It will also need to be checked from the beginning.