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Dr Fox: Well, the first thing I have to say is that I am so delighted, so grateful, that there are younger people – you know, I am almost eighty and most of my friends are getting sick and dying and we, even those of us who are still at it do not have the energy that we once had. I am so delighted that there are younger people who are concerned with this and carrying on the work, and creating new work, not just carrying on old work. You have a new perspective, and I am just grateful, that’s the main thing to say.
Van: Thank you.
Dr Fox: I’m not quite sure what I can add to what’s already in the book in terms of how I did the work. Did you happen to know about a webinar that happened sometime this week [interview was 11/15] on Agent Orange that featured George Black, Susan H., John M, Jackie S.
Van: Is this the Remembering The Vietnam War: Tragedy Selections and the Unconventional Agents of Peace? Not sure if that is the one.
Dr Fox: Maybe, it was organized by John Mc., was a convener and Susan H. was the moderator.
Van: I know, yeah, we had a conversation with her.
Dr Fox: It was a great webinar if you don’t know it, I should pass on the link to you
Van: Yeah, that would be great, if that was recorded, we can also rewatch it sometime.
Dr Fox: Yeah, I wasn’t able to attend but I did see the recordings so I know it was recorded. I will make a note to myself to send that on to you. It was really well done, and Charles Bailey and Tim L. who worked with Senator Leahy of Vermont and after he passed away, continued to work with the senator there and on the issue of Agent Orange.
Van: Yeah, we talked to Susan H. on zoom, and I also met her at Washington D.C. during the annual dialogue at the US Institute Peace
Dr Fox: Andrew W.
Van: Yes, Andrew W., he is one of our mentors for the project. Another mentor we have is Dung, he has been working on Agent Orange for several years, I think he is a PhD candidate, he also introduced us to different other experts in the field like Charles B. We also talked to Paul C. from the Vietnamese Campaign for Responsibility for Agent Orange as well.
Dr Fox: He commented anyways, he came into the webinar with questions
Van: Oh yeah, Paul C.
Dr Fox: Dung, is where?
Van: I think he is in Singapore, if I’m not mistaken.
Dr Fox: Anyways, doesn’t matter really.
Van: He is the research officer of the Vietnam Studies Program at the ….
Dr Fox: Oh, haha, I don’t know the Singapore people at all
Van: So, what will be best – I think the focus is that we want to learn about your perspectives about the efforts of the US but also the NGOs and International Organizations on addressing the consequences of Agent Orange. The more I talk to the experts of Agent Orange, and the founders and officers of different organizations that working on the legacies of the war, is that I realize that all of them are getting old, and their (inaudible) is how to encourage the young people to be at the forefront of this effort.
Dr Fox: Yes.
Van: We really want to, how we can connect to and raise the awareness, it’s really tough, like for example, the program that we are apart of, the majority of us are Vietnamese. And we want to have more international friends to join us, to work with us on this subject, and we want to really, how we can bridge the gap.
Dr Fox: Yeah, and does the USIP program recruit younger Americans at all?
Van: Yeah, we do have younger Americans. Usually, it’s people who are interested like, you know like their major are history and then they do Vietnam history or like Vietnam War history. We have like 40 people, over half are Vietnamese.
Dr Fox: What can I tell you, I’m not sure.
Van: So lets say, what are your thoughts on the efforts of NGOs and International Organizations working to address the consequences of Agent Orange, and can you see the difference from the early years after the war, and then more recent years.
Dr Fox: Oh, yeah. Huge difference, and the whole issue was raised first through the NGOs. When I was first working on this in Vietnam, the United States would not say the word “Agent Orange.” At the time of reconciliation, between Vietnam and the United States, one of the preconditions set by the United States that Agent Orange not be mentioned, and I remember it was a March, and I don’t remember what year, but we were in a meeting in Hanoi, and Charles, who was there, I’m not sure who else was there, but a group, either 20-30 people, and the ambassadors said the word “Agent Orange” and we both looked at each other and said, “Is that right? Did we just hear what we thought we heard?” And it was a big breakthrough, and it was driven by grassroot Organizations and the scientists that had done the work, that made it impossible to ignore. On the webinar, in maybe Charles has said this to you in person, but on the webinar he talked about (inaudible) getting an award in Indonesia, and her response was, I don’t want to misquote, but his point was that, yes there is a humanitarian side, but there is also the side of right, of needing, wanting the Americans to recognize what they have done, what they did in Vietnam, take responsibility for it, and have it be a matter of responsibility, not just humanitarian action. That strikes me as the next step, if that can be encouraged and brought to pass, yeah. But the Red Cross, the Vietnamese Red Cross, the International Red Cross, and then the building of VAVA and other organizations, it did start through humanitarian approach and appeal.
Van: Okay, thank you so much, and I think you also mentioned Dr. Wendy (inaudible), first doctors to mention connection between Agent Orange and some disabilities and birth defects in the children. I think it was be pretty reasonable, to connect with her afterwards to learn about the associated disabilities and health related issues as well. So back to the story just talked about, the young generation, so as I mentioned, I’ve had conversations with American friends here in America and I realized that not many of them are aware of Agent Orange, so how do you think that we can, and how we should educate the younger generations about the impact of Agent Orange.
Dr Fox: Yeah, I can tell you my own experience, but it in a way that I think you are the ones who know that better than I do. But my own experience, I’ve taught in a couple places, I lived in Vietnam first and the questions of Agent Orange came from living there, not from being a student, but then I went back to school because I thought I wanted to be able to speak in a more authoritative voice than just “I’ve been there and here’s what I think.” I wound up teaching a postdoc at the Hamilton College in New York, and then I wound up teaching in the college of the holy cross in Massachusetts. Opposite of you, my own PhD I got at age 62, so I was already quite old, but the classes that I would teach, and I did teach a couple of classes just specifically on Agent Orange, another class on the legacies of war, which included Agent War, it was a seminar, so the students could pick what they wanted to study, and some of them were interested in what happened in Iraq, but some were interested in Vietnam. They were just shocked by learning what their government had done, I just remember again and again the no, my government didn’t do this, really?, kind of response of the younger people. Others remembered from their own families that there were times when aunt and uncle wouldn’t speak to the rest of the family or they would trying to make sense of the conflicts within their own families that they had learned. And others had uncles, grandparents, relatives, who were affected by Agent Orange, and they were trying to make sense of what had happened to their family members. Have you had contact with her at all? (Heather). I can tell you a little about her: she was the daughter of an American veteran who was affected by Agent Orange, she was born without one leg, she was many figures missing, various things, and she has been working with young people. She would be the, to my mind, be a great contact to have.
Van: Yes, I think Susan mentioned her in one of our conversations, and she also recommended me to reach out to her, yeah.
Dr. Fox: Yeah, she headed a group of children of Agent Orange veterans, Americans, for a while. It sounded like, from the webinar, that that group no longer exists, but she must have contact still with several people that would be a good match for your group.
Van: Yeah, so we also learned that like since it’s been so many decades since the war and its usually like, those who learn about the Vietnam War and Agent Orange or unexploded ordnances or any other social or economical impacts of the war are usually people whose grandparents were involved in the war, serving in Vietnam at the time. But since I, would say perhaps in the next few decades, when the generation of the veterans are gone, there’s no longer that kind of connection and as I’ve talked to some like history teachers, I realized that the curriculum of history that American students have access to, they don’t really mention the war in great details, it’s through personal efforts and curiosity that allow students to learn about the war. We’ve talked about this, and it’s a big challenge for us to like make the subject more popular among the younger generation, and that’s why I really, really like the idea of hosting study abroad trips to Vietnam. There are so many study abroad programs that, that are like vacation for students, and students go on that program and then they enjoy themselves, they take credits, but still it’s like much lighter course for them. I’m not sure but I feel like Vietnam would be such an ideal destination for study abroad programs given that, we just recently open a new museum for the legacy of war in Hanoi, and I know there is another museum for remnants of war in Ho Chi Minh City. And recently we open a new one in Hanoi, and it’s so popular, and I just think that it would be great for my American friends to go to Vietnam and learn about the War and have a new perspective because they learn about the War through their grandparents or parents, but it would be also beneficial for them to learn about the war through the lenses Vietnamese civilians and the descendants.
Dr. Fox: Yes, at one point I was working with Susan H. on the war legacies project, and we talked and explored a little bit but we didn’t follow up on a museum here in the United States on war legacies. That would be another, you know for people who couldn’t go to Vietnam.
Van: Yeah, I think when I was at the annual dialogue there was actually people from one of the Smithsonian museums in Washington D.C., the national museum of history, and they did have an exhibition of Vietnam War, and their architecture and design of that museum was actually invited over to Vietnam to build a new exhibition in the museum in Ho Chi Minh City, so that is a new exhibition that has interactive, educational facilities for people to just learn about the war but in a more interactive way. So I think that is some efforts between both countries to make the war more attractive to the younger generation, which I think is such a great idea and I think we have time for a couple more questions. I would like to ask, so like, what is the most memorable experience that you had when you were in Vietnam and you know writing up the book?
Dr. Fox: I don’t know if I could say one most memorable, certainly the stories that people told me still are very, very strongly entrenched in my heart. If I had to choose one, there was, Mrs. Hoang, whose story I told in the conclusion, we were similar in many ways, in age, children being born in the same time, hers were born while she was fighting in the forest, in the jungle, mine were born in a hospital in Los Angeles, you know, so there are similarities and contrasts that highlight, I don’t know if I could pick a most memorable.
Van: Maybe the inspiration, the experience that inspired you to write the book. I know it’s because you had been living in Vietnam, but what really struck to you at the point that made you like “hey, I need to document this.”
Dr Fox: There is a doctor who was based in Hue, and I know that (inaudible) live now in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, his daughter is now in Ho Chi Minh City, and he is getting older too, but I was leading a study abroad in Hue and I went to see him and he showed me pictures, he was working in Quang Ngai, and he was interviewing something like 600 families in the area. At the time, people knew less about, there was so much argue about well is this Agent Orange or something else, but his take was, you know, I guess there’s a buddhist sutra, if you see your brother with an arrow in his eye, you don’t stop to argue where the arrow came from, you get the arrow out of his eye. And Dr. Nguyen’s approach was that you see people suffering, you don’t stop to argue why they are suffering, you reach out and help them. At the time, American veterans were just barely finally being heard when American veterans first claimed Agent Orange was a cause, they were sent to the psychiatric war because the veterans administration did not believe them. Finally, through science and political engagement, the American veterans were compensated and some of them started saying yes, we were here for a year, what about the Vietnamese who were there for 10 years, who were there for the duration of the Spring, for the War, and what about the Vietnamese who were there as women carrying children and nursing children. What about them? So both Doctor Nguyen and the work of American veterans moved me. Particularly, Dr. Nguyen took me out to meet some families, and I was totally unable to speak after meeting those families. I just kind of spluttered to him, “whose helping?” And he said nobody, and I said what about the pagoda? No. What about the church? No. What about the party? No. And that sort of made me want to say listen to these people, here are these people, that I suppose was the pivotal movement, could be one of the pivotal moments. There is a lot, goes into it.
Van: I just wanted to share also that when I went to the annual dialogue and learn about different projects that the daughters and sons of US veterans who were, and there was one project, two sided projects, it was founded by an American lady whose father fought and died in Vietnam. And then she, it was heartbreaking for everyone in the family but she that as an inspiration to organize to have that organization and then connect with her counterparts in Vietnam, the sons and the daughters of Vietnamese soldiers who died in the War as well. When she shared about those stories, that’s such an amazing work and I talked to you, I talked to Susan, to Paul, it’s just amazing to learn about the efforts and how you got the inspiration to work on it because, it’s a (inaudible) commitment and its from the heart that you know motivated you to work.
Dr. Fox: Yes, but I think meeting the families, how could you turn your back on those families?
Van: Yes, learn about the experiences of the families of the children, the wives, the daughters, I think its what motivated us to work on this.
Dr. Fox: Yes, I should ask you the same question. So I was there, well you were there, you were living there. Did you know people? Did that motivate you? What did motivate you?
Van: My grandmother almost lost my mom because she was pregnant with my mom, and then she learned the news that her younger brother died in one of the battles in Quang Tri. She almost lost my mom, in the 1974, and my grandfather also served during the war but luckily, he was okay, he was fine. He could return home, but my mom and my uncle, during their childhood, they were without the support and the care of my grandfather but they were able to survive. So I think I learn about the War through the stories of my grandfather, but also like my grandma, who were supporting the socialist through, I think there were like, so my grandma was a teacher back in 1970s, 1960s. She also participated in the War but not like in the battleground but through supporting in the backseats of the war, so I learned their stories. Also, from my father’s side, my grandfather who he died like two years ago, when he was alive, he also like talked about the stories of him, there are like pictures of the farmers are civilians who carried huge bags of rice and then dried food and they carried to the battleground as a way for the socialist to have means to live on. My grandfather, my paternal grandfather, participated on that (inaudible), and it’s really strenuous work, it’s long ride and people were like carrying heavy bags. So then, there’s like the stories from all of them really inspired me to learn about the War, but I also want to like, we learn about the War but didn’t really talk to people who were impacted by the War directly, Agent Orange. Many of my friends have some kind of disabilities but because of different reasons, one of them would be Agent Orange but I think only, there is a village for the daughters and sons of Vietnamese soldiers who had exposure to Agent Orange, but the village is based in Hanoi. So I didn’t have a chance to visit, but one of my colleagues in the project he had an opportunity to go to Vietnam and talk to the kids at the village and people there, and I think that’s also one of the motivations that group us together, and that’s why we (inaudible). And I also think that most, I learned that the USAID and other organizations put more efforts to subjects like UXO, but I think there should be more, like better, attention on subjects like Agent Orange because it’s very long term. Like for unexploded ordinances, I think it’s getting much and much better now in that in hopefully, some point in the future, there will be no ordinance left in Vietnam, but Agent Orange I’m not sure because the chemical, really don’t know how long it will stay and the impacts are very long term now and hopefully that will be more researched and more scientific research on how to have the victims of Agent Orange. Since it’s a long term impact, I think that’s why we wanted to direct more investment, more support of international organizations, NGOs, to address the consequences.
Dr. Fox: Yeah, wonderful, wonderful.
Van: So, I think one last question is, is there anything you would like to highlight cause we are going to summarize all of the conversations with experts including you and then everyone else, and we want to make it live on the website as the detailed narrative, and insights on the subject of Agent Orange, so we wanted to quote something, like something you want to highlight, deliver to the generation, or any kind of visitors to the website that we have.
Dr. Fox: What I often do, and this is not appropriate for the website or the short term, but what I like to do is to simply read a story, one of the many stories from my book. The people who I spoke with asked me to share their stories, and I would really like to do. But that’s a long, long, that’s a ten minute long thing, not a…
Van: I think I saw one of those videos on youtube, haha.
Dr. Fox: Really? I didn’t know anything was on youtube.
Van: Yeah, because I searched your name, because usually when people mention you, I had to look it up to find your email first, so I look up on google and I saw you work at Hamilton college and then College of the Holy Cross, and on the page of the College of the Holy Cross, they had Agent Orange 101 but they had all the facts about Agent Orange, and some materials from your classes were also posted online. My friend got your email, because I had been looking for your email for such a long time, and C. mentioned you but I had some delays in conversation with him so it took, not until my friend found your email that I had a chance to reach otu to you, so yeah I searched on google and youtube to try to find your contact information.
Dr. Fox: That’s interesting that there’s Agent Orange 101, I’m going to look that up and see what that is, yeah.
Van: Yeah, it’s on the College of Holy Cross which was helpful, they had a few other materials on the subject as well.
Dr. Fox: Good, yeah, great, yeah. And are you, you are UW yourself?
Van: So I am taking a gap year from UW, but yes, I am affiliated with the US, I am a student.
Dr. Fox: Okay, and a graduate student, yes?
Van: Yes, I am.
Dr. Fox: In history, or what?
Van: That’s a good question. So I’m not in the field, I am an applied math student and I study subjects like healthcare and finance.
Dr. Fox: Oh right, wow, hm.
Van: And it’s not related to my study, but I really like the opportunity to do something on this subject.
Dr. Fox: Applied health care is certainly related, no?
Van: Yeah, yes definitely. Half of my family are working in the field of medicine.
Dr Fox: Ah.
Van: So, and half of them are teachers, my grandma is also a teacher, and my dad and brother are doctors. So I love you know like, teachers and doctors, their purpose is to help other people so I also wanted to study to help other people.
Dr. Fox: Wonderful, wonderful. I’m so delighted to learn about you and your group and yes, I would love to go to the, is it a ceremony, a conclusion. It is a closing ceremony, if you happen to be in Vietnam and would be at Fulbright University in Ho Chi Minh City, but for us who are based in the US, it will be on December 3rd, yeah December 3rd, oh actually December 5th. And since you are based in Oregon right now, correct?
Dr. Fox: No, I’m in California right now.
Van: Oh, it’s still part of Pacific time. So it should be from 5-7 PM.
Dr. Fox: Great, oh good. Should I contact or Andrew, or will you send me the link, or what.
Van: I will send you the link, yeah.
Dr. Fox: Great.
Van: Thank you so much, and I know the cohort, the program is only 6 months long but I hope that we can stay on for a longer time, and we can continue the project, perhaps next year we can have something else, maybe we can figure out a better way to raise awareness on this subject, not just through website but maybe we can collaborate with different organizations to host trips to Vietnam, and yeah.
Dr. Fox: I remember when I was at UW it was pretty easy to organize, I don’t know if you know the name (inaudible), but he was a film director and he came to the US he has one film on Agent Orange called Story From the Corner of a Park is the English language translation, and it was easy to organize up and down the west coast. Colleges would welcome him to show his film and talk and there were quite a few students who would come to those so that’s another idea, you speak.., I don’t know anyway.
Van: Yeah.
Dr. Fox: Colleges, were pretty receptive to having people talk and with all of the horrible legacies of the ongoing wars these days, there are the time and with the 50 year of anniversary from the end of the war, there is the tie in next year.
Van: Next year, yeah.
Dr. Fox: There is easy tie in there, to raise awareness. Yeah, I wish all of the luck and, you know, my own contribution I think is simply reading the stories, telling the stories of people, so if that’s ever useful, I’m glad to do it. If there is any way i can support you, I am very glad to do it.
Van: Thank you so much, and I will follow up with the invite with the closing ceremony.
Dr. Fox: Great, great, all good luck, all blessings.
Van: I hope you have a good night, bye bye.
Dr. Fox: Bye bye.
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