You can use statistics, and chart to create cognitive distortions, fallacies, and biases a.k.a. cunning lies.

"There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics."

"Do not trust any statistics you did not fake yourself."

"Die weltt die will betrogen syn" / "Mundus vult decipi, ergo decipiatur"

Visual Confusion

• start a chart's axis not at zero

• befuddel with secondary axis

• use very contrasting colours

• create cognitive dissonance

• misuse logarithmic  scale

• disappear in aggregation

• abuse emotional image

• create false continuity

• progress by direction

• narrow or wide index

• accumulate in others

• patterns everywhere 

• hide amongst values

• running values grow

• shout out big words

• prevent readability

• mislead with ratios

• decouple similarity

• misrepresent sizes

• false 100 percent  

• choose positions

• flatten change

• wrong period

• warp aspects

• stack fraud

Logical Confusion

Flawed Reasoning

• fool with percentage points

• causality from correlation

• confuse cause and effect

• disregard dependencies

• conversion of believers 

• regression to the mean

• average percentage

• choose a trend line

• Simpson's Paradox

• out-of something

• gambler's fallacy

• ignore 3rd cause

• small population

• pick an average 

• only survivors

• sum change

False Reasoning

• dazzling percentage

• disregard quantity

• omit information

• weigh arbitrarily

• base rate fallacy

• focus on change

• pick trend start

• cherry-picking

• gerrymander it

• select subsets

• invent values

• wilful cluster

• wrong mean

Slides

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