Abstract

2.5D cartoon models [Coutinho et al. 2016; Gois et al. 2015; Kitamura et al. 2014; Rivers et al. 2010] are popular methods used for simulating three-dimensional (3D) movements, such as out-of-plane rotation, from two-dimensional (2D) shapes in different views without 3D models. However, cartoon objects and characters have several exaggerations that do not correspond to any real 3D positions (e.g., Mickey Mouse’s ears), which implies that existing methods are unsuitable for designing such exaggerations. Hence, we incorporated view-dependent deformation (VDD) techniques, which have been proposed in the field of 3D character animation [Chaudhuri et al. 2004, 2007; Koyama and Igarashi 2013; Rademacher 1999], into 2.5D cartoon models. The exaggerations in an arbitrary viewpoint are automatically obtained by blending the user-specified 2D shapes of key views. Several examples demonstrated the robustness of our method over previous methods. In addition, we conducted a user study and confirmed that the proposed method is effective for animating classic cartoon characters.

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Yu Takahashi, Tatsuo Yotsukura, and Ken Anjyo for their valuable comments and helpful suggestions. The characters in Figure 2 and Figure 5 are copyrighted by OLM.

Publication

  • Tsukasa Fukusato and Akinobu Maejima. "View-Dependent Deformation for 2.5D Cartoon Models." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Vol.42, Issue.5, pp.66--75, 2022.10.

Related Publication

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