SHORT NOTES

LECTURE 1 – TYPES OF CHARGING SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Watch detailed lecture- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3jQiqBlqIM

1. TYPES OF CHARGING SYSTEM

There are two types of electricity- AC and DC.

The one that we get from gird is AC and the one that we store is DC. All the appliances/ devices that have PORTABLE ENERGY STORAGE uses a DC ELECTRICITY, as it is only possible to store DC so far.

Our fans, coolers, tubelight, fridge etc taking electricity directly from grind- wall socket- works on AC. All the devices/appliances with battery uses DC. The same battery is used in Electric Vehicle.

Once the EV battery is drained, we recharge it by electricity from gird, just like our mobiles.

Now as the battery needs DC and we have AC in our socket we use a converter in between that converts AC into DC.

There are two such charging system, when the conversion takes place outside the vehicle, we call it DC charging. When it happen inside the vehicle using an On Board charger, we call it AC charging. Now that AC charging uses an Onboard charger that is fitted inside the vehicle, it should be lesser in weight and small in size. These restrictions do not allow the charging speed as DC charging.

1. AC CHARGING SYSTEM

a. SLOW : 3.3 kw ( single phase)

b. FAST : 22 kW ( three phase)

2. DC CHARGING SYSTEM

a. SLOW : Rate < 50 kW

b. FAST : Rate> = 50 kW

Also, the charging speed depends upon the rating of on board charger. The on board charger rated at 3.3 kW will only provide DC electricity at the speed of 3.3 k Joules per second. Even if supply of 22 kJ/s is available, the vehicle can only be charged at rate of 3.3 kJ/s.

Thus speed of charging depends not only rating of power supply available but also, the power rating of on board charger.

2. LEVEL OF CHARGING

The more the number of joules per second a battery is fed, the faster it will be energized. Thus higher the power rating ,lesser the time of charging. Depending upon the power rating, there are various levels of charging. Each country may have their own standards to define their power level and level of charging.

LECTURE 2 – TYPES OF EV CONNECTOR GUS/CHARGERS

Watch detailed lecture - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYeDZbwbzkc

Just as there are various types of cables available to charge our mobile phone, depending upon the rate of charging, similarly we have different connector guns- cable- to charge our EVs. Also, there are different ports on mobile for different types of charger cables, similarly, in EVs we have different ports for particular cable types.

The cables are not the same all over the world and different countries have standardized different cables.

Over all, there are following type of cables in general,

1. Type-1

2. Type-2

3. Chademo

4. GB/T

5. CCS1- Combined Charging System- Type-1

6. CCS- Combined Charging System- Type-2

India uses Type 2 , Chademo, GB/T, CCS2 along with its OWN STANDARDS- BHARAT AC001 AND BHARAT DC001

Among these, type1 and type2 are used exclusively for AC charging. Type 1 is single phase and uses 110 V AC ( used in America), Type 2 uses 3 phase AC and is used for charging of 22 kW, counted among fast charging system in India.

ChaDemo is exclusively a DC charging system and charges at the rate of 50 kW and above.

GB/T and CCS can do both AC and DC charging.

CCS1 has got , type 1 socket in upper half whereas CCS 2 has got Type 2 in upper half.

CCS also permit charging at the rate of 50 kW and above. We have DCcharging at 400 kW available in market as of now (2022)

All the charging gun has these in common-

1. Supply Pins( DC- positive & negative, 1 phase AC- 1 Phase pin & 1 Neutral , 3 phase- 3 phase pins & 1 neutral)

2. 2 Communication pins (proximity pilot- checks connection of gun with vehicle port ,control pilot- current flow)

3. 1 Protective Earth pin

Along with Type2, CCS2, Chademo, GB/T, India has its own standard called Bharat AC001 for which it has recommended IEC 30609 standard for connector and Bharat DC001 for which it has recommended GB/T connector gun.

To understand that - Type2, CCS2, Chademo, GB/T, are types of connectors, not the name of chargers itself, however they are used interchangeably.

For ex. A DC charger rated at 100 kW can have two cables, one CCS2 and other at GB/T or ChaDemo. Also to note that Bharat AC001 and DC001 are not the chargers themselves but SPECIFICATIONS of charging system that will be permitted in commercial Charging Station in India.

Also, note that, if one installs a charging system that is not for commercial purpose , then they any install any chargers that satisfy safety norms, else for PCS it is mandatory to have the above chargers only.

1. MODES OF CHARGING

There are four modes of charging in EV charging system.

Mode 1 –

· Simply has a cable connected to EV at one end and goes into the socket at the other end.

• Standard socket outlet - domestic installation

• A simple extension cord-connects socket to battery

• On board Charger INSIDE vehicle converts AC to DC

• Does not provide users with shock protection

• Charging cable is provided with the EV

• “dumb charging”

• No EVSE- no automated cut off, always live charging

• Not recommended

MODE 2 –

• Standard socket outlet – domestic

• On board Charger INSIDE vehicle converts AC to DC

• Control box– communicate with vehicle- cut off supply on full charge, protection from shock.

• Currently the most common mode of charging EVs

MODE 3-

• Uses an Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment- EVSE (control unit) & a cable

• EVSE-

o Wall mounted & Pedestal.

o Control and protection functions- guarantee public safety.

o Verifying the protective earth connection

o Proper Contact between the EVSE and EV

• Chord/cable-

o Permanently fixed or Removable Cable

• On board Charger to convert AC to DC

Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment EVSE:

• Charging equipment

• Safely connects EV to electrical supply.

• Offer authentication, metering, payment services, and remote monitoring. Uses CMS for this.

MODE 1, 2, 3 are used in AC CHARGING SYSTEM and hence all uses ONBOARD CHARGER.

MODE 4 -

• DC CHARGING

- AC to DC conversion - OUTSIDE the vehicle - On-board charger bypassed

- DC current is delivered directly to the battery

• Cable always connected to the charging station (High power 50kW)

• Cable Connectors - CHAdeMO and CCS Combo 1, 2, GB/T

LECTURE 3 - OCPP, EMSP, CMS, E-ROAMING

Watch detailed lecture- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7mjPNwfKYI

1. CENTRAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - brain of charging stations

· Cloud-based backend system - station's operator- all information of every EVSE connected to the Charging station

· CMS Communicates with user-facing E-MSP apps

· EVSE communicates with the CMS

o Manage user permission, invoicing (billing) and charging rates.

§ Electricity Tariff Time of Use/Day-

· Off Peak Hours- cheaper

· Peak Hours

· Controls charging station loads (keep below MDI).

· Sends all the information to State Nodal Agency

2. E-MSP : E- Mobility Service Provider

· App that communicates with CMS to find and book a charger

· Communicates with CMS of A Charge Point Operators

· Start charging events

· Monitoring of charging in the app

· Bill received in the app

· Pay (payment gateway for various methods.)

· Taxes, billing plans, and special offers at different stations

· Variety of pricing models- pre-paid, post-paid

· Tariff based on time of day, peak energy demands

3. OCPP- OPEN CHARGE POINT PROTOCOL

· Application protocol (language)for communication between Electric vehicle (EV) charging stations and any CMS

· CMS developed by one company can be used for EVSE developed by n-number of developers.

· Beneficial for EVCI developers and EV drivers

· Interoperable EV charging infrastructure

LECTURE 4.1 - EV CHARGING STATION

Watch detailed lecture- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngfLVowDSzY

TYPES OF CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE-

1. Public Charging Station (PCS)

· Used for commercial purposes

· Electric Vehicle charging station where any electric vehicle can get its battery recharged

· EV drivers have to pay charges to the CPO

2. Captive Charging Station (CCS)

· Charging station exclusively for the electric vehicles owned by charging station

· Government Departments, Corporate houses, Bus Depots

· charging stations owned by the fleet owners etc.

· Shall not be used for commercial purpose.

3. Battery Charging Station (BCS)

· A station where the discharged or partially discharged electric batteries for electric vehicles are electrically recharged.

· BCS shall be treated at par with PCS, and the applicable tariff for electricity supply shall also be same as for PCS

· Battery belongs to EV owner

4. Battery Swapping Station (BSS)

· A station where any electric vehicle can get its discharged battery replaced by a charged battery

· Battery Doesn’t belong to EV owner

The EV charging ecosystem comprises of multiple components and processes –

· Provision of land and supply of electricity for EV charging

· Specification and installation of EV charging equipment

· Day-today operations and maintenance of EV charging facilities

· Services allowing EV owners to use charging facilities.

1. LAND

1. Parking

· Home

· Private /Government offices

· Mall

· Hospital

· Hotels/ Restaurant

· Residential Complex Apartment

2. Public Park

3. Dedicated to CS only (Highways, In City CS)

AUTHORITIES INVOLVED-

· Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs

o Mandated 20% for EV – 20 out of 100 vehicle parking-Model Building Byelaws (MBBL) 2016 Chapter 10 (Sustainability and Green Provisions) of the MBBL-2016, with Section 10.4 titled “Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure”

· Municipal Corporation

· Urban Development Authority

· Nagar Nigam

· Private Owners

RAJASTHAN EV POLICY 2022:

· In line with the Ministry of Power guidelines, one Urban Public Charging Stations (UPCS) would be installed in grid of 3 by 3 km in Priority cities. Urban local bodies (ULB)/Development Authorities would identify appropriate land parcels/parking spaces for developing city public charging station network.

· Concessional Locations: A land bank shall be identified by the state at locations along busy routes/highways, public parking zones, bus depots, and terminals, etc. which can offer easy entry and exit of vehicles wherein concessional lease rentals shall be charged for establishment of public charging stations.

RAJASTHAN SOLAR ENERGY POLICY, 2019

Allotment of land at 50% concessional rate-

· First 500 CS installed within five years from the date of commencement of policy.

· Help for approval and allotment-Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation Limited

2. ELECTRICITY/ POWER UTILITY

· CPO apply at DISCOM for electricity connection.

· Prioritize Extension in demand of existing connection

· Prioritize release of new connection

· Augment existing structure for LT(415 V) connection (10 kW)

· Guide HT consumer (11 kV/33kV) consumer in installation of transformer

· Uninterrupted Power Supply 24*7

· Continuously provide all the information to STATE NODAL AGENCY(JVVNL)

3. CHARGE POINT OPERATOR- CPO:

· Build EV charging stations infra

1. Procure Land (deal with the land owners)

2. Electricity connection (contact DISCOM for extension or new connection, quality check)

3. Install hardware- chargers, security of property, basic amenities as - lights, fans, sanitation.

4. Ensure proper & safe EV charging operations.

· Charging Network Infrastructure

1. Managing the backend technologies

2. Connection between the chargers, to deliver reliable and consistent EV charging.

· Hire E-Mobility Service Provider

1. Manage the relationships with EV drivers- help users find near by EVCS via apps

· CPOs need to ensure that EV chargers are always available and stable, operating 24/7 without fail.

· Systems need to be in place to notify them any time a problem arises with the chargers – or automatically fix it where possible, reducing operating costs.

LECTURE 4.2 - RAJASTHAN EV POLICY 2022, BHARAT AC001 , BHARAT DC001

Watch detailed lecture-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfJuJpX4Ufg

RAJASTHAN ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICY 2022 was issued by Transport and Road Safety Department, GoR , Notification- August 31, 2022

· Effective : 1^st September, 2022 to 1^nd September, 2027 (5 year period)

· Focus on promoting transition across the state

o 8 Priority Cities - Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota, Udaipur, Bikaner, Ajmer, Bharatpur, Alwar

· Objectives-

o Support EV adoption in personal mobility+ public transport.

o Creating a robust network of EVCS & Swapping stations (clean energy sources ) for all types of EV

o To foster R&D and skill development in the State’s electric mobility space

o To promote manufacturing of Evs and batteries in the State by providing appropriate incentives under RIPS-2019 (Rajasthan Investment Promotion Scheme)

· Which vehicle shall be considered as “Electric” ?

o All vehicles ( 2 W, 3W, 4W & Heavy Duty) with advanced batteries having passed all the eligibility and testing conditions as specified under FAME II scheme

o Eligible for incentives- Purchased & registered in Rajasthan & OEMs listed in FAME-II

· Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment – Tested by lab accredited by National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories (NABL)

“RETRO - FITTING”

o Two approvals required

§ Components of Kit

· Tested from Agency approved under Rule 126 of Central Motor Vehicle Rules , 1989

· Standards for kits- Automotive Industry Standard

o Series Hybrid –AIS 123 part 1

o Parallel Hybrid- AIS 123 part 2

o BEV – AIS 123 part 3

§ Retrofitted Vehicle

· Type approval (Automotive Research Association of India)

· Apply for updating modification/alteration in vehicle in RC book in Rajasthan

EXEMPTIONS & INCENTIVES on EVs-

o Exemption from Motor Vehicle Tax and Green Tax payable under the Rajasthan Motor Vehicle Taxation Act 1951

o Exemption from the requirement of permit for carrying passengers or goods

o SGST reimbursement to all categories of Electric Vehicles, Upfront purchase incentives to Two Wheelers and three Wheelers for the Year 2021-22

o More incentives for 2 w, 3 W,4W and for retro fitting given.

Rajasthan Solar Energy Policy, 2019

o Allotment of land at 50% concessional rate

o First 500 CS installed within five years from the date of commencement of policy.

o Help for approval and allotment-Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation Limited

o Charging Station drawing renewable power through open access from plants located within the State

o Individual plant capacity of maximum 25 MW

§ 100% exemption in normal transmission and wheeling charges for a period of 10 years from date of commencement Electric Vehicle charging station

o Banking:

§ Permitted for Captive Consumption and third party sale on yearly basis.

§ Banking charges @ 10% of the energy delivered at the point of drawl.

§ The banking year shall be from April to March.

§ However, drawl of banked energy will not be allowed during peak hours as determined by DISCOMs. (6 AM to 10 AM)

§ The unutilized banked energy at the end of year shall lapse.

o Exemption/Relaxation from Electricity Duty:

§ The electricity consumed by the Power Producer for captive use within the State for usage at Electric Vehicle charging station will be exempted from payment of Electricity Duty for 7 years from Commercial Operation Date (COD).

o Transmission and Wheeling charges:

§ Projects for captive use / third party sale within the State after the commencement of this policy or up to March 2023, whichever is earlier, there will be 100% exemption in normal transmission and wheeling charges for a period of 10 years from date of commencement Electric Vehicle charging station.

§ This will be applicable for an individual plant capacity of maximum 25 MW.

§ All incentives/ provisions defined in the Rajasthan Solar Energy Policy, 2019 shall be applicable for Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping stations as well

Recycling and Reuse

o Lithium-ions EV batteries- second-life usage - stationary storage(Solar PV)

o After the end-of-life, valuable metals- extracted through battery recycling- produce new batteries

i.Reuse of EV batteries:

• Batteries Disposal in trash/landfills - strictly prohibited

• OEMs -channelize battery collection for reuse

ii. Recycling of Electric Vehicle Batteries:

• EV batteries (end-of-life) - sent to recycling facilities to extract high value materials (like Cobalt, Nickel, etc.) for further reuse by battery manufacturers.

• State Government will encourage establishment of such facilities through incentives under the industrial policy and RIPS 2019.

RAJASTHAN INVESTMENT PROMOTION SCHEME 2019

BENEFITS FOR INVESTORS:

Service Enterprise in Thrust Sectors Benefits under Rajasthan Investment Promotion Scheme 2019:

Investment equal to or above Rs. 25 lakhs in EV Charging and Swapping Stations-

• 5% interest subsidy on loan taken for making an investment in equipment at EVCS/BSS.

• Loan by Financial institutions or state financial institutions or banks recognized by Reserve Bank of India

• For a period of five years subject to a maximum of Rs. 2 lakhs per year

or

Capital subsidy equivalent to 20% of investments made in equipment, subject to a maximum of Rs. 4 lakhs

· Promoting Electric Vehicle Manufacturing

Electric Vehicle manufacturing - making an investment equal to or above INR 25 Cr.

a. 5% Interest Subsidy on term loan taken by the enterprise from Financial Institutions or State Financial Institutions or Banks recognized by Reserve Bank of India, for making an investment in plant & machinery for a period of five years subject to a maximum of INR 1 Cr. per year

Or

b. Capital Subsidy equivalent to 25% of investment made on the plant & machinery, subject to a maximum of Rs Fifty lakh

Development of Manufacturing Ecosystem

o Importing EV components- high cost

o Domestic EV manufacturing ecosystem-reduce cost - EV adoption

Special Zones under Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) will be promoted for manufacturing of EVs :

• Khushkheda-Bhiwadi-Neemrana Investment Region

• Jodhpur-Pali-Marwar Industrial Area

• Ajmer-Kishangarh Investment Region

• Rajsamand-Bhilwara Industrial Area

• Jaipur-Dausa Industrial Area

• PROMOTING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN EV

1. Entrepreneurship Development: START UPS-

Ø Supported by incentives as part of the Rajasthan Startup Policy 2015

• Sustenance Allowance, Seed Fund access, Marketing Assistance, Pilot Stage Funding and Techno funding.

Ø Department of Information Technology & Communication may float challenges under ‘Challenge for Change Program’ for EV sector that may enable procurement of solutions up to the tune of INR 1 Crore

INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE

For smooth implementation of Electric Vehicle initiatives

1. State Electric Vehicle Committee

2. Electric Vehicle Cell

3. District Level Coordination Committee