Answers to the excercises from the previous lesson:
toki ma to English:
si taso li sona e nimi pi lipu ni → Only you know the name of this book.
sinko mi kin li wile tawa ki umi → My son too wants to go to the sea.
o moku anu weka → Eat or leave. (Note that I could also say o moku anu o weka)
on li wile ala kama e mama. ni li anu pi on taso → He/she doesn't want to become a father/mather and this is only his decision.
English to toki ma:
My wife and I are going to your father's town, too → meli mi en mi li tawa kin ki pajan pi mama (mije) si. (Note that kin could instead be at the end of the sentence, like in English)
I love you, but I also love her → mi olin e si taso mi olin e on kin.
Either you go to the sea or to the city, but you have to decide → si tawa ki umi anu pajan taso o anu (you have to decide is kind of a command)
He is bisexual (hint: he loves/has sex with both males and females) → on li olin/unpa/wile unpa e mije e meli.
You already know two toki ma numbers: wan, one, and ala, zero. And toki ma uses a binary system so you don't need anymore.
No, just joking. Although you can use a binary system in toki ma, the official number system is base ten (kind of). First, the words for numbers are the following: ala (0), wan (1), tu (2), san (3), po (4), luka (5), ten (10), kenta (100), mila (1 000), and mijon (1 000 000). Where are the numbers six to nine? Well, they happen to be compound words. The actual meaning of luka is not five, but hand, because hands have five fingers. And when counting from six to nine, you actually count "a hand and one", "a hand and two", etc:
luka, luka wan, luka tu, luka san, luka po, ten → Five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten
After that, you continue counting with the same logic until nineteen:
ten wan, ten tu... ten luka, ten luka wan... ten luka po → Eleven, twelve... fifteen, sixteen... nineteen
And after that? Well, twenty is just "two tens", so...
tu ten, tu ten wan... san ten... luka ten... luka po ten luka po → Twenty, twenty one, thirty, fifty... ninety nine
And the same is true for the rest:
kenta, kenta wan... kenta luka po ten luka po → One hundred, one hundred and one... one hundred and ninety nine
tu kenta... san kenta... luka po kenta... mila → Two hundreds, three hundreds, nine hundreds, a thousand
luka po mila luka po kenta luka po ten luka po → Nine thousands nine hundreds and ninety nine
Now we don't have a word for "ten thousand". It's ok: we can just say ten mila. And after that, kenta mila:
luka po kenta luka po ten luka po mila luka po kenta luka po ten luka po → Nine hundred ninety nine thousand nine hundred ninety nine
And finally, mijon. We can continue until the hundreds of thousands of millions:
kenta mila mijon → One hundred thousand millions (one hundred billions if you use the short scale)
Can we use bigger numbers? Sure. A trillion (in the short scale) or a billion (in the long scale) is mijon mijon (one million millions). And in theory we could continue indefinitely.
And how do we use those numbers? When counting, alone. But if we want to say the number of anything, we just use the number as and adjective:
jan kenta san ten luka → One hundred and thirty five people
Let's start with the word for number: nanpa. We use it to create ordinal numbers:
jan pi nanpa tu ten → the twentieth person (lit. person of number twenty)
We also have the word talili (finger as a noun, but to count as a verb). We can add numbers using the word en:
tu ten en ten san li sama se san ten san → twenty and thirteen is equal to thirty three
And substract using weka:
tu ten weka luka wan li sama se ten po → twenty minus six is equal to fourteen
We use the same word for negative numbers:
weka tu → minus two
We can multiply using onta and divide using kipisi (split, cut):
ten onta tu li sama se tu ten → ten times two is equal to twenty
luka po kipisi san li sama se san → nine divided by three is equal to three
Fractions are simply divisions:
wan kipisi tu → a half
palanta kipisi tu → half an hour
And the decimal point is marked with the word osa (part, piece):
tu osa luka → two point five
tu osa ala ten wan → two point zero one one
Finally, exponentiation uses the word sewi and roots, the word tima (for example, square roots use tima tu):
tu sewi san li sama se luka san → two to the power of three is equal to eight
luka po tima tu li sama se san → square root of nine is equal to three
kenta, kipisi, luka, mijon, mila, nanpa, osa, po, sama, san, talili, ten, and tu.
Practice what you have learned with the following sentences. The answers, in the next lesson:
toki ma to English:
tu kenta luka wan.
kenta weka tu ten li sama ala sama se luka san ten?
nanpa ala li kipisi e nanpa ten san.
sinko mi pi nanpa wan le wile e pata.
English to toki ma:
Fourteen thousand thirty two.
The number "pi" is equal to 3.14.
We've been waiting for more than three hours.
Half of your group don't know how to count.