Research

Virtue: Philosophical, Psychological, and Theological Views

1. 1. 1. 1. “Pathways to Patience: Christian Moral Wisdom and Goal Pursuit” in The Virtue of Patience (ed. Matthew Pianalto and Sarah A. Schnitker, Oxford University Press, forthcoming) (Co-authored with Juliette L. Ratchford and Sarah A. Schnitker)

         2. "The Virtue of Patience," Philosophy Compass, 2025 (Forthcoming; coauthored with Anne Jeffrey).

         3. “The Courage to Flourish: Pursuing the Good Life despite Risk” in The Virtue of Courage (ed. Blaine Fowers, Oxford University Press, 2025): 175-200. (Co-authored with Elizabeth M. Bounds and Sarah A. Schnitker) 

         4. “Patience, Perseverance, and Goal Pursuit,” in The Virtues of Endurance, (ed. Nathan King (Oxford University Press, 2025): 132-159.  (Co-authored with Juliette L. Ratchford and Sarah A. Schnitker) 

         5. “Transcendent Moral Motivation and Virtue Development: A Meditation-Based Experiment Exploring Self-Transcending and Self-Enhancing Motives,” International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 2024. (Co-authored with Emily G. Williams, Juliette L. Ratchford, Merve Balkaya-Ince, and Sarah A. Schnitker). doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-024-00190-1. 

         6. “What is Virtue? Using Philosophy to Refine Psychological Definition and Operationalization,” Philosophical Psychology, 2023: 1-26.(Coauthored with Juliette Ratchford, Anne Jeffrey, and Sarah Schnitker).  doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2023.2203157. 

         7. “The Psychology of Habit Formation and Christian Moral Wisdom on Virtue Formation,” TheoLogica, 7.1 (2023): 148–167. doi: https://doi.org/10.14428/thl.v7i1.64333.  

         8. “Christian Moral Wisdom, Character Formation, and Contemporary Psychology,” American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 96.2 (2022): 215-233. doi: https://doi.org/10.5840/acpq2022120247. (coauthored with Sarah Schnitker)  

         9. “Do Recent Findings in the Psychology of Habit Formation Contradict Christian Moral Wisdom on Virtue Formation?” Theological Puzzles, Issue 3 (2021). https://www.theo-puzzles.ac.uk/2021/08/30/tpawl/

         10. “The Interaction Between Human and Divine Providence” in Divine and Human Providence: Philosophical, Psychological and Theological Approaches (eds. Simon Kopf and Ignacio Silva, Abingdon 2021: Routledge): 31-42.  doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429330087-3. 

             • Translated into Spanish in La Providencia Humana Y Divina (eds. Ignacio Silva and Simon Maria Kopf, Rosario: Ediciones Logos – Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Austral, 2020): 63-87.

         11. “Growth in Patience in Christian Moral Wisdom and Contemporary Positive Psychology,” Journal of Beliefs & Values, 42.3 (2021): 333-347 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2020.1836897 (coauthored with Juliette Ratchford and Sarah Schnitker).

         12. “Paradise and Growing in Virtue” (coauthored with Kevin Timpe) in Paradise Understood: New Philosophical Essays about Heaven (eds. T Ryan Byerly and Eric Silverman, Oxford University Press, USA, 2017): 97-109. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198794301.003.0007. 

Philosophy and Christian Doctrine

Incarnation

1. “A Philosophical Analysis of J. R. Daniel Kirk’s A Man Attested by God,” Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies, 7.2 (2023): 227-239.

2. “The Incarnation of a Simple God,” in Classical Theism: New Essays on the Metaphysics of God (eds. Jonathan Fuqua and Robert Koons, Routledge, USA, 2023): 303-317. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003202172-19. 

3. “The Incarnation,” in The New Cambridge Companion to Aquinas (eds. Eleonore Stump and Fr. Thomas Joseph White, O.P., Cambridge University Press, USA, 2022): 322-342. doi:10.1017/9781009043595.020. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009043595.020.  

4. “Conciliar Christology”, The St. Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. 2022.

5. “The Incarnation” in T&T Clark Handbook of Analytic Theology (eds. James M. Arcadi and James T. Turner, New York, 2021: Bloomsbury): 197-214. doi: https://doi.org/10.5040/9780567681317.ch-015.

6. “Conciliar Christology, Impeccability, and Temptation” in Impeccability and Temptation: Understanding Christ’s Divine and Human Will (eds. Johannes Grössl and Klaus von Stosch, New York 2021: Routledge): 94-115. doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367618933-7.

7. “The Metaphysics of the Incarnation: Christ’s Human Nature,” in Herausforderungen des klassischen Theismus. Bd. 2: Inkarnation (eds. Thomas Marschler and Thomas Schärtl (Hg.): (STEP, 16/2), Münster 2020: Aschendorff): 131–148.

8. “Explosive Theology: A Reply to Jc Beall’s ‘Christ – A Contradiction,’” Journal of Analytic Theology, 7 (2019): 440-451 doi: https://doi.org/10.12978/jat.2019-7.190824150011. (invited for a symposium on Beall’s work; not peer-reviewed).

9. “Conciliar Christology and the Consistency of Divine Immutability with a Mutable, Incarnate God,” Nova et Vetera, 16.3 (2018): 913-937. (invited for a symposium on immutability and incarnation; not peer-reviewed). doi: https://doi.org/10.1353/nov.2018.0066

10. “Temporary Intrinsics and Christological Predication,” Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion vol. 7 (ed. Jon Kvanvig, Oxford University Press, 2016): 157-189.  doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198757702.003.0007

11. “Christologically Inspired, Empirically Motivated Hylomorphism” (coauthored with Mark K. Spencer), Res Philosophica, 93.1 (2016): 137-160.  doi: https://doi.org/10.11612/resphil.2016.93.1.6

12. “Brian Hebblethwaite’s Arguments Against Multiple Incarnations,” Religious Studies 52:1 (2016): 117-130.  doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412514000626

13. “Thomistic Multiple Incarnations,” The Heythrop Journal 57.2 (2016): 359-370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/heyj.12230  

    • Abridged and translated into Finnish by Simo Lamponen: https://www.academia.edu/39425400/Timothy_Pawl_Tomistiset_multippelit_inkarnaatiot?source=swp_share

14. “Conciliar Christology and the Problem of Incompatible Predications,” Scientia et Fides, 3.2 (2015): 85-106 (invited and peer-reviewed). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/SetF.2015.019

15. “A Solution to the Fundamental Philosophical Problem of Christology,” The Journal of Analytic Theology, 2 (2014): 61-85.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12978/jat.2014-1.190824150011a

The Trinity

1. “Conciliar Trinitarianism, Divine Identity Claims, and Subordination,” TheoLogica, 4.2 (2020) doi: https://doi.org/10.14428/thl.v4i2.23593 (invited; peer-reviewed).

Divine Attributes

1. “The Aloneness Argument Fails,” Religious Studies, 59(1), 139-155 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412521000433 (coauthored with Matthews Grant)

2. “The Interaction Between Human and Divine Providence” in Divine and Human Providence: Philosophical, Psychological and Theological Approaches (eds. Simon Kopf and Ignacio Silva, Abingdon 2021: Routledge): 31-42.  doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429330087-3. 

   • Translated into Spanish in La Providencia Humana Y Divina (eds. Ignacio Silva and Simon Maria Kopf, Rosario: Ediciones Logos – Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Austral, 2020): 63-87.

3. “In Defense of Divine Truthmaker Simplicity,” Res Philosophica, 96.1 (2019): 63-75. doi: https://doi.org/10.11612/resphil.1754

4. “A Reply to ‘The Antinomy of Future Contingent Events,’” Annals of Philosophy [Roczniki Filozoficzne] 66:4 (2018): 149-157 (invited for a special issue of the journal; not peer-reviewed).  

   • Translated into Polish in Bóg, czas i wolność. Wokół problemu przyszłych zdarzeń przygodnych (eds. Anna Maria Karczewska and Anna Starościc, Lublin 2020: Prace Wydziału Filozofii): 209-218. doi: https://doi.org/10.18290/rf.2018.66.4-8en

5. “Divine Immutability”, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2009

Truthmaking and Christianity

1. “Truthmaking and Christian Theology,” Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, 89 (2016): 181-194 (winner of the 2015 Young Scholar Award from the ACPA). doi: https://doi.org/10.5840/acpaproc201610548

2. “Traditional Christian Theism and Truthmaker Maximalism,” The European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 4.1 (2012): 197-218.  doi: https://doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v4i1.314

3. “Transubstantiation, Tropes and Truthmakers,” The American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 86.1 (2012): 71-96. doi: https://doi.org/10.5840/acpq_2012_4

Freedom

1. “Paradise and Growing in Virtue” (coauthored with Kevin Timpe) in Paradise Understood: New Philosophical Essays about Heaven (eds. T Ryan Byerly and Eric Silverman, Oxford University Press, USA, 2017): 97-109. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198794301.003.0007.

2. “Free Will and Grace” in The Routledge Companion to Free Will (eds. Kevin Timpe, Meghan Griffith, Neil Levy, Routledge, USA, 2016): 531-542. doi: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315758206.ch47.

3. “Freedom and the Incarnation” (coauthored with Kevin Timpe), Philosophy Compass, 11 (2016): 743-756. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12362

4. “The Freedom of Christ and The Problem of Deliberation,” International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 75.3 (2014): 233-247.  doi:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11153-014-9447-4

5. “The Freedom of Christ and Explanatory Priority,” Religious Studies, 50.2 (2014): 157-173. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412513000309.

6. “Heavenly Freedom: A Response to Cowan” (coauthored with Kevin Timpe), Faith and Philosophy 30.2 (2013): 188-197. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/faithphil201330214

7. “Incompatibilism, Sin, and Free Will in Heaven” (coauthored with Kevin Timpe), Faith and Philosophy 26.4 (2009): 398-419.  doi: https://doi.org/10.5840/faithphil200926437

8. “St. Thomas Aquinas on Blameworthiness and the Virtue of Faith,” Journal of Postgraduates in Wuhan University 21.4 (2005): 21-26 (invited).

Arguments for or against Theism

1. “Stone's Evidential Atheism: A Critique,” Faith and Philosophy, 30.3 (2013): 317-329. doi: https://doi.org/10.5840/faithphil201330327

2. “The Five Ways” in The Oxford Handbook of Thomas Aquinas (ed. Brian Davies and Eleonore Stump, Oxford University Press, USA, 2012): 115-131. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195326093.013.0010. 

3. “Aquinas’s Five Ways” in Just the Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Arguments in Western Philosophy (ed. Michael Bruce and Steven Barbone, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011): 9-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444344431.ch1.  

Metaphysics

1. 1. 1. 1. “Scholastic Hylomorphism and Dean Zimmerman,” TheoLogica, Online First (2023): 1-22.  doi: https://doi.org/10.14428/thl.v8i2.80713.

         2. “Nine Problems (And Even More Solutions) for Powers Accounts of Possibility” in Causal Powers (ed. Jonathan D. Jacobs, Oxford University Press, USA, 2017): 105-123. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796572.003.0008. 

         3. “A Thomistic Truthmaker Principle,” Acta Philosophica, 25:1 (2016): 45-64 (invited and peer-reviewed).

         4. “Change, Difference, and Orthodox Truthmaker Theory,” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 92.3 (2014): 539-550. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2013.839726.

         5. “The Possibility Principle and the Truthmakers for Modal Truths,” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 88.3 (2010): 417-428. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048400903193353