At the core of instructional design, there are what are known as "Instructional Design Models". These models serve to provide a general framework in which you design your materials. 

This concept can be a little tricky, because just like 'the perfect lesson plan', an ID essentially uses these as a guideline, but then figures out what actually works for them (and their client) as a process they use to design. They "Frankenstein" them together, if you will.

Check out the videos on the left to learn more about the most popular ID models. For a more comprehensive list of ID models, check out this article.

Odds are, most of those using this site primarily has experience with pedagogy (the instruction of children). Andragogy  (the instruction of adults) has 6 principles that you must know and understand, because there is a high probability an interviewer will ask if you are familiar with adult learning theory. 

While most of us have focused on pedagogy, we also probably have experience with adult learners during "train the trainer" events (this means, we have probably at some point or another led a workshop or professional development to help our coworkers with acquiring a new skill/honing an old one). THIS EXPERIENCE COUNTS! Be sure to include it when asked if, and describe how you integrated the adult learning principles from this video during that session. 

In the teaching world, we call this a "pre-test". While it is very similar, there are definitely some gaps here you'll want to learn about, so you are prepared for a formal needs analysis in a corporate setting. 

Following a needs/gap analysis, you'll want to perform a task analysis to scaffold large scale objectives into specific learning objectives that need to be met in order to address the knowledge/skill gap. 

For more on task analysis, check out this article. 

In order to perform a task analysis, most times you will need to work with a Subject Matter Expert, or SME.