- aqueduct: (noun) a bridge-like structure filled with water that allowed the boats to cross a stream or valley
- basin: (noun) a widening in the canal that allowed boats to pass or turn around
- barge: (noun) a large, flat boat used for carrying freight on rivers or canals
- Board of Canal Commissioners: a group created by the New York State Legislature in 1810 to plan and oversee the funding of the Erie Canal.
- canal: (noun) a man-made waterway
- cargo: (noun) goods carried by a ship, usually in boxes or crates
- epidemic: (noun) widespread growth (as caused by a highly infectious disease); affecting an unusually large number of individuals within a population, community or region at the same time
- feeder: (noun) a watery channel that fed the canal with a steady supply of water from a reservoir, lake or river
- freight: (noun) bulky goods, or cargo, sent by water or land
- frontier: (noun) a border between two countries; a region that forms the margin of settled or developed territory; the farthermost limits of knowledge or achievement
- governor: (noun) an official elected or appointed to exercise authority of over an area or group
- infrastructure: (noun) the underlying foundation or system of public works of a country, state or region
- interior: (noun) the inland parts of a country or region; large areas of land not surrounded by any water
- lock: (noun) a stone, concrete or wooden chamber within the canal with water-tight gates, that would open and close at each end to allow the water level to rise or lower the boats
- manmade: (adjective) something invented and constructed by humans, and not by nature
- National Historic Landmark: (noun) nationally significant historic places designated by the Secretary of the Interior because they possess exceptional value or quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States.
- pack animal: (noun) animals, such as horses or mules, that helped workers haul materials and pull the boats through the canal via a "towline"
- packet boats: (noun) a sailing ship that carried passengers and cargo in packets, or group, and sailed on a set schedule
- self-taught: (adjective) having knowledge or skills acquired by one's own efforts; without formal instruction; learned by oneself
- sluice: (noun) a window-like mechanism in the canal chamber that opened to allow water to enter and fill the lock chamber prior to the boats entering; a "wicket"
- steamboat: (noun) a boat driven by a steam engine
- terrain: (noun) the physical (geographic) features on a piece of land
- towpath: (noun) the walkway along the canal where the animals pulled or towed boats
- unskilled workforce: (noun) workers lacking technical training in skills required for a specific job; unprofessional; inexperienced; or amateurish
- waterway: (noun) natural or man-made rivers and canals that can be used to transport goods