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The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668-668d), enacted in 1940, and amended several times since, prohibits anyone, without a permit issued by the Secretary of the Interior, from "taking" bald or golden eagles, including their parts (including feathers), nests, or eggs.

The Act provides criminal penalties for persons who "take, possess, sell, purchase, barter, offer to sell, purchase or barter, transport, export or import, at any time or any manner, any bald eagle ... [or any golden eagle], alive or dead, or any part (including feathers), nest, or egg thereof."

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The Act defines "take" as "pursue, shoot, shoot at, poison, wound, kill, capture, trap, collect, molest or disturb." Regulations further define "disturb" as to agitate or bother a bald or golden eagle to a degree that causes, or is likely to cause, based on the best scientific information available, 1) injury to an eagle, 2) a decrease in its productivity, by substantially interfering with normal breeding, feeding, or sheltering behavior, or 3) nest abandonment, by substantially interfering with normal breeding, feeding, or sheltering behavior" (50 CFR 22.6).

Regulations for permitting take of bald eagles or golden eagles (50 CFR 22) provide information on eagle permits for "the taking, possession, and transportation within the United States of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and their parts, nests, and eggs for scientific, educational, and depredation control purposes; for the religious purposes of American Indian tribes; and to protect other interests in a particular locality. This part also governs the transportation into or out of the United States of bald and golden eagle parts for scientific, educational, and Indian religious purposes." The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issues and maintains permits for eagle take through ePermits and provides additional information on eagle take permitting, as well as eagle conservation, through our Eagle Management Program.

Test takers must bring colored pencils or pens and an ordinary pen or pencil.MYLE GoldListeningThe MYLE Gold Listening Section reflects language used in real-life situations. It contains five parts. Depending on the test, students identify people in a picture based on descriptions; write words, names, and numbers; answer multiple-choice questions; and follow directions to color objects in a picture. The audio for each question is played twice.

Total questions: 25Time: 25 minutesReading and WritingThe MYLE tests combine reading and writing skills in many interrelated activities. The content covers skills similar to those in the listening section: global and local. The Gold test contains seven parts. Depending on the test, students answer multiple-choice, true/false, and yes/no questions; fill in blanks in short or long texts; define vocabulary words; and/or write a short story.

The test center sends the completed test booklets to a team of trained examiners who check each test twice. Each correct answer adds to the final score for its section; points are not deducted for wrong answers. In most parts of the test, spelling has to be 100 percent correct.

Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Quentin Tyler, Director, MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824. This information is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned.

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In 1940, Congress passed a law to protect our national symbol, the Bald Eagle. This act, called the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, made it illegal to possess, sell, hunt, or even offer to sell, hunt or possess bald eagles. This includes not only living eagles, but also their feathers, nests, eggs, or body parts. The act allows a person to possess or transport eagles or eagle parts obtained before the act was established (1940). A farmer or rancher who leases land from the United States for grazing livestock can also lose his or her lease with the government.

A Department of the Interior employee who is authorized to do so may arrest anyone who is seen violating the Act without a warrant. Any eagles or eagle parts that are seized as the result of arrest will be forfeited, or taken, by the government. This also includes anything used to possess or trap the birds, including vehicles used in the process.

In 1962, Congress extended the protection under the statute to include the related golden eagle. This was done in part to curb population pressures on golden eagles and to limit the destruction of the bald eagle, which is often mistaken for a golden eagle when it is immature. [Congress heard testimony that the bald eagle and golden eagle are relatively indistinguishable in the first few years of life] In addition to expanding the protection to golden eagles, Congress also added a provision that allows eagles to be taken for scientific, exhibition, or religious purposes of Indian tribes. The last exception has created the most controversy within the law.

Initially, the religious use of eagle parts by Native Americans resulted in a challenge to the BGEPA based on whether the Act modified the rights Native Americans to hunt eagles on their tribal lands. [initially, courts were divided on whether the Act modified treaty rights since the Act did not explicitly say whether it did] The BGEPA does not specifically state whether it abrogates, or modifies those treaty-based hunting rights. However, in 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court resolved any confusion on this issue by ruling that the BGEPA modified those treaty rights such that no one is allowed to take eagles absent a permit. As a result of this holding, the legal challenges by Native Americans shifted from arguments based on treaty rights to the exercise of religious freedoms.

When the statute was again amended in 1972, the court increased the penalties under the statute and created enhanced penalties for second or subsequent convictions [second conviction within same proceeding is sufficient to trigger the enhanced penalty provision]. The amendment also reduced the required intent under statute, from willful possession to "knowingly" or, "with wanton disregard for the consequences." This essentially means that a person must have knowledge that what he or she is doing could result in a violation of law, or at least is reckless in his or her actions that lead to the death of an eagle. [the Eagle Act is not a strict liability law; there must be some intent on the part of the person taking the eagle]. The penalty for taking an eagle now stands at a fine of not more than $5,000 or imprisonment for not more than one year for a first conviction or both, and a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than two years or both for a second violation or conviction. Interestingly, the statute provides a reporting incentive, such that up to $2,500 shall be paid to the person giving information that leads to a conviction. The civil penalty involves a potential $5,000 fine for each violation under the Act as well as cancellation of grazing agreements with the United States. [the cancellation of grazing agreements is considered a collateral, or secondary penalty]

Dr. Katrina Wade-Golden is the Deputy Chief Diversity Officer for the Office of Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (ODEI) and Director of Implementation for the Campuswide Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Strategic Plan. She brings over 25 years of administrative and research experience working with complex longitudinal datasets and has broad expertise leading research and strategy engagements in the corporate, higher education, and non-profit sectors, utilizing a wide range of qualitative and quantitative techniques. Dr. Wade-Golden possesses particular expertise in the areas of measurement, questionnaire design, social psychology, organizational dynamics, institutional diversity, and complex data analyses.

It seems like an easy question: Which legislatures are full-time and which ones are part-time? But with 50 different formulas for designing a state legislature, it's difficult to paint this issue in black and white. So we've done it in green, gray and gold.

At 4 p.m., EMU and its partners will host an in-person Thanksgiving-themed meal featuring favorites such as brown sugar glazed ham, classic dressing stuffing, and cranberry relish. The event will also showcase a band performance. Additionally, on the same day, a campus event is planned for EMU students, staff, and faculty, with holiday fixings, a canned food drive, interactive sustainability crafts, and more.

For over 50 years, Mid has been and remains committed to partnering with all members of our community. Read our Vision 2020 Strategic Plan, which sets our course for the next 50 years, or stay connected to College Governance activities.

The best part of being a Mid Michigan College Laker is providing an authentic college experience to students yet being able to foster a one-on-one relationship with them. Mid is not so big that we can't recognize students when we see them on campus. And we aren't so small that we can't provide all the benefits a bigger college has. We are just right!. 006ab0faaa