Risk factors are biological, psychological, or social characteristics and conditions that increase the likelihood of an individual developing, or experiencing a worsening of, a mental health disorder or illness. These factors, which can be genetic, environmental, or related to lifestyle, do not directly cause mental illness but elevate vulnerability and, when multiple, raise the probability of distress.
Protective factors are personal characteristics, social conditions, or environmental resources that buffer against stress, reduce the impact of risk factors, and promote resilience. These assets, which can be developed, help individuals manage adversity, maintain mental well-being, and lower the risk of developing mental health conditions.
This can include serious experiences early in life, like abuse (physical, emotional, or sexual), neglect, seeing violence, or losing a parent. Going through trauma as a child can have lasting effects and may increase the chances of struggling with mental health later on.
Being stuck in stressful environments for a long time can seriously impact mental health. This can include things like money struggles, unemployment, unstable housing, experiencing racism or discrimination, and feeling socially isolated. Over time, constant stress makes it harder to cope and stay mentally healthy.
Having supportive relationships with family, friends, and people in your community can make a big difference. Feeling connected helps reduce loneliness and gives you someone to lean on during tough times. Strong relationships can help protect your mental health and make stress feel more manageable.
This includes skills like understanding and managing your emotions, solving problems when things get tough, and believing in yourself. It’s also about being able to adapt and keep going during difficult situations. Building these skills can help you handle stress, bounce back from challenges, and feel more confident in everyday life.