Items:

A) Appearance: This category pertains to a place’s physical characteristics, including size, color, smell, and natural features. For example, hure-nay [red-river] might refer to a river with a reddish appearance.

B) Resources: This category describes the presence of animals and plants in a place. For instance, cep-us-i [fish-inhabit-place] indicates a location abundant with fish, suggesting its “fish-ability.”

C) Cultural: Placenames may derive from cultural practices, such as dipping tree bark in water, locations with artifacts like clotheslines, or places rooted in folklore. An example is ci=oro-pet [1PL=barkdip-river], which could refer to a river where the bark of lobed elm is dipped.

D) Location: This category describes a place using locative nouns. For example, taor-kes [riverbank-edge] signifies the edge of a riverbank.

E) Referential: A place may be named by referencing another placename. For example, pon-Satporopet [small-Sapporo River] refers to a minor tributary of the Sapporo River.