neurological

cred: Ben Amberg, Britney Pham

LMNL

1. hyporeflexxia

2. hypotonia

3. muscle wasting

4. fasciculations

UMNL

1. hypereflexxia

2. hypertonia

3. +ve babinski

4. clonus, weakness

5 cerebellar signs 'DANISH'

1. dysdiadokinesia

2. ataxia

3. nystagmus

4. intention tremor

5. broad based gait

7 cortical signs

1. aphasia: speak

2. apraxia: comprehension

3. agraphia: write

4. alexia: read

5. acalculia: calculate

6. neglect

7. hemianopia (affects cortex)

peripheral exam

initially tall people ride cows slowly

1. inspection

2. tone

3. power

4. reflexes

5. coordination

6. sensation

gait patterns

1. shuffling (Parkinsons)

2. swinging/circumductive

3. antalgic

4. ataxic/broad-based (cerebellar, proprioceptive)

5. high steppage gait (foot drop)

6. trendelenberg (weakness gluteus medius abductors)

7. festinating (Parkinsons)

8. spastic paraparetic/scissor (cerebral palsy, diplegia)