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Sourece: Internationa Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
花 5 分鐘快速理解相關觀念｜ Let's Take a Quick Glance at the Relevant Concepts Of SDGs 6
SDGs 6 Goal｜確保人人都能享有水資源、衛生設施及其永續管理權
Ensure Availability and Sustainable Management of Water and Sanitation for All
Source: UNESCO l 聯合國教科文組織
SDGs 6 包含了哪些細項目標? What Targets and Indicators are Included in SDGs 6?
細項目標 Target
6.1 到2030年前，實現所有人均能普遍和公平獲得安全且可負擔的飲用水。
By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.
指標 Indicator
6.1.1 增加使用安全管理的飲用水服務之人口比例。
Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services.
細項目標 Target
6.2 到2030年前，讓每一個人都享有合適且平等的衛生設備，並杜絕露天大小便行為，特別注意婦女、女童及弱勢族群的需求。
By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations.
指標 Indicator
6.2.1 增加使用 (a) 安全管理的衛生服務和 (b) 使用肥皂和水洗手設施的人口比例。
Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) a hand-washing facility with soap and water.
細項目標 Target
6.3 到2030年前，透過減少污染、消除傾倒廢物、減少危險化學物質與材料釋放等方式改善水質，將未處理廢水的比例減半，並提高全球水資源回收率與安全再利用率。
By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally.
指標 Indicator
6.3.1 增加生活和工業廢水被安全處理的比例。
Proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater flows safely treated.
6.3.2 增加環境水質良好的水體比例。
Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality.
細項目標 Target
6.4 到2030年前，大幅提升各個產業的用水效率，確保永續的淡水供應與回收，以解決水資源短缺，並大幅減少面臨缺水問題的人數。
By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.
指標 Indicator
6.4.1 隨時間改善用水效率。
Change in water-use efficiency over time.
6.4.2 降低水資源緊張程度：減少淡水抽取量佔可用淡水資源的比例。
Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources.
細項目標 Target
6.5 到2030年前，全面實施一體化的水資源管理，包括適時地跨界合作。
By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate.
指標 Indicator
6.5.1 促進水資源綜合管理之程度。
Degree of integrated water resources management.
6.5.2 增加具有水務合作業務安排的跨境流域面積之比例。
Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation.
細項目標 Target
6.6 到2030年前，保護及恢復與水有關的生態系統，包括山脈、森林、濕地、河流、含水層和湖泊。
By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.
指標 Indicator
6.6.1 隨時間恢復與水相關的生態系統的範圍。
Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time.
細項目標 Target
6.a 到2030年前，擴大對開發中國家的國際合作與能力培養支援，協助其水資源、衛生相關的活動和計畫，包括雨水蓄集、海水淡化、提高用水效率、廢水處理、水資源回收再利用技術。
By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies.
指標 Indicator
6.a.1 擴大與水和衛生設施相關的官方發展援助金額，使其隸屬於政府協調支出計劃的一部分。
Amount of water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending plan.
細項目標 Target
6.b 支持及強化地方社區參與，以改善水與衛生的管理。
Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management.
指標 Indicator
6.b.1 強化制定當地社區參與水和衛生管理的既定且可操作的政策和程序的地方行政單位的比例。
Proportion of local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management.
SDGs 6 實際案例｜ Case Study of SDGs 6
#1 墨西哥社會企業「Isla Urbana」雨水搜集系統
墨西哥城是世界上最缺水、供水機制也最不穩定的城市之一。在墨西哥有超過一千萬人無法獲得供水服務，於是Isla Urbana打造「雨水搜集系統」，改善缺水困境。
Isla Urbana是由Lomnitz 與 Renata 創辦的公司，兩人都來自墨西哥城，一心盼望能在畢業後回到家鄉從事關於環境永續的計畫，同時，也希望能改善當地經濟弱勢家庭的處境。
經過評估之後，Lomnitz 與 Renata 挑選了其中一個深入訪問過的家庭，安裝第一個試驗型的雨水搜集裝置，該裝置不僅能快速地搜集雨水，更能將水質過濾乾淨，於是這個雨水搜集系統成了幫助數萬人、水資源管理成重點施政項目。
Mexico City is one of the most water-scarce and unstable cities in the world. With more than 10 million people in Mexico without access to water services, Isla Urbana has created a "rainwater harvesting system" to alleviate the water shortage.
Isla Urbana is a company founded by Lomnitz and Renata, both from Mexico City, who wanted to return to their hometown after graduation to work on environmentally sustainable projects and to improve the situation of economically disadvantaged families in the area.
After evaluating the program, Lomnitz and Renata selected one of the homes they visited to install the first pilot rainwater harvesting system, which not only collects rainwater quickly, but also filters it out. As a result, this rainwater harvesting system has become a key policy initiative to help tens of thousands of people and to manage water resources.
Source: IsIaUrbana
#2 清潔印度運動 Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA)
清潔印度運動是印度於2014年由時任印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪發起的一項旨在改善印度公共環境衛生的運動。
《印度時報》近日報道，世界銀行下屬機構做的一個印度2017年年度農村衛生調查顯示，77%的住宅有了廁所，能接觸到廁所的農村家庭，有93%已在使用廁所。
截至今年，已有3億人不用露天如廁，印度農村地區已經修建了6623萬個廁所。在2014年10月時，有廁所的農村房屋佔房屋總數的38%，現在是79.98%。
這個“清潔印度”運動，不但改善了一大部分印度環境的整潔，並帶給印度人民們對於清潔、衛生的重要概念。
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) is a campaign in India launched in 2014 by then Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi to improve public sanitation in India.
The Times of India recently reported that the World Bank's subordinate organization did an annual survey of rural sanitation in India in 2017, showing that 77% of dwellings have toilets, and 93% of rural households with access to toilets are already using them.
As of this year, 300 million people do not use open toilets and 66.23 million toilets have been built in rural India. In October 2014, 38% of rural houses had toilets, now it is 79.98%.
This campaign has not only improved the cleanliness of a large portion of India's environment, but has also given the people of India important concepts of cleanliness and hygiene.
Source: udn Global l 聯合報
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