SDGs 2
消除飢餓 | Zero Hunger
消除飢餓 | Zero Hunger
Source: Shutterstock
花 4 分鐘快速理解相關觀念| Let's Take a Quick Glance at the Relevant Concepts of SDGs 2
SDGs 2 Goal|消除飢餓,實現糧食安全,促進永續農業
End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture
Source: UNESCO l 聯合國教科文組織
SDGs 2 包含了哪些細項目標? What Targets and Indicators are Included in SDGs 2?
細項目標 Target
2.1 到2030年前,消除飢餓,確保所有的人全年都擁有安全、營養且足夠的糧食,特別是窮人和弱勢族群(包括嬰兒)。
By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.
指標 Indicator
2.1.1 終結營養不良的普遍性。
Prevalence of undernourishment.
2.1.2 根據糧食不安全經驗量表 (Food Insecurity Experience Scale, FIES),減少人口中度或重度糧食不安全的發生率。
Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES).
細項目標 Target
2.2 到2030年前,消除所有形式的營養不良。涵蓋2025年之前達成為五歲以下兒童發育遲緩、消瘦訂定的國際目標,並解決青少女、孕婦、哺乳婦女以及老年人的營養需求。
By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons.
指標 Indicator
2.2.1 達成5歲以下兒童發育不良(年長身高與世界衛生組織(WHO)兒童成長標準的中位數差異<-2個標準差異)的流動率。
Prevalence of stunting (height for age <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age.
2.2.2 達成按類型(消瘦和超重)劃分 5 歲以下兒童營養不良患病率(身高別體重與世衛組織兒童生長標準中位數的標準差 >+2 或 <-2)。
Prevalence of malnutrition (weight for height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight).
2.2.3 按照懷孕狀況(百分比)劃分 15 至 49 歲女性的貧血患病率。
Prevalence of anaemia in women aged 15 to 49 years, by pregnancy status (percentage).
細項目標 Target
2.3 到2030年前,使農村的生產力與小規模糧食生產者的收入翻倍提升,尤其是婦女、原住民、家庭農民、牧民與漁民,作法包括讓他們安全及公平地獲取土地、生產資源、知識、金融服務、非農業就業市場及增值機會。
By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment.
指標 Indicator
2.3.1 按照農/牧/林業企業的規模分類每個勞動單位的產量。
Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size.
2.3.2 按照性別和原住民身份劃分並確保小規模糧食生產者的平均收入。
Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status.
細項目標 Target
2.4 到2030年前,確保建立可永續發展的糧食生產系統,實施可增強生產力、具彈性調整的農作方式,協助維護生態系統,強化適應氣候變遷、極端氣候、乾旱、洪水與其他災害的能力,並逐步改善土地和土壤品質。
By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.
指標 Indicator
2.4.1 確保生產性和可持續耕作的農業面積比例。
Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture.
細項目標 Target
2.5 到2020年前,維持種子、栽種植物、家畜以及與他們有關的野生品種之基因多樣性。涵蓋透過國家、區域和國際層級的政策,妥善管理多樣化的種子和植物銀行,並促進基因資源與相關傳統知識利用,產生的好處將依照國際協議公平地分享。
By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed.
指標 Indicator
2.5.1 確保在中期或長期保護設施中獲得保護的(a)植物和(b)動物的糧食和農業動物遺傳資源的數量。
Number of (a) plant and (b) animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities.
2.5.2 確保被歸類為瀕臨滅絕的地方品種之比例。
Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction.
細項目標 Target
2.a 透過加強國際合作,提高在鄉村基礎建設、農業研究、推廣服務、科技發展、動植物基因銀行上的投資,以改善發展中國家的農業產能,尤其是最低度開發國家。
Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries.
指標 Indicator
2.a.1 建立政府支出的農業導向指數。
The agriculture orientation index for government expenditures.
2.a.2 增加流向農業部門的官方資金總額(官方發展援助加上其他官方資金)。
Total official flows (official development assistance plus other official flows) to the agriculture sector.
細項目標 Target
2.b 根據杜哈回合貿易談判(Doha Development Round)的共識,糾正並防止全球農業市場的貿易限制和扭曲,包括消除各種形式的農業出口補貼和具同等效力的出口措施。
Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round.
指標 Indicator
2.b.1 設置農業出口補貼。
Agricultural export subsidies.
細項目標 Target
2.c 採取措施,確保糧食商品市場及其衍生品正常運作,並促進及時獲得市場資訊(包括糧食儲備量),來抑制極端的糧食價格波動。
Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility.
指標 Indicator
2.c.1 建立食品價格異常之指標。
Indicator of food price anomalies.
SDGs 2 實際案例| Case Study of SDGs 2
#1 台灣全民食物銀行協會 Taiwan People's Food Bank Association
飢餓不僅是存在在「其他地方」,例如戰亂,飢荒,赤貧等國家,飢餓問題,而是正在你我身邊蔓延著。 根據協會統計,53%弱勢兒童長期缺乏含鈣食物;84%弱勢兒童常以罐頭、泡麵、餅乾、糖果充飢;27%弱勢兒童沒有天天吃早餐;14%弱勢兒童沒有天天吃晚餐。
台灣全民食物銀行協會將來自全省各地量販店,食品製造商,超市大賣場,公司行號,甚至個人捐贈的愛心糧食物資,進行妥善整理分類後,即時分配到最需要的人們手中;賦予那些包裝完整卻有可能被浪費報銷的食物更完善利用,更有意義的價值。
Hunger does not only exist in "other places" such as war-torn, famine-stricken, and destitute countries, but it is spreading all around us. According to the association's statistics, 53% of disadvantaged children lack calcium-containing food for a long time; 84% of disadvantaged children often use canned food, instant noodles, biscuits and candies to satisfy their hunger; 27% of disadvantaged children don't have breakfast every day; and 14% of disadvantaged children don't have dinner every day.
The Taiwan National Food Bank Association organizes and categorizes the food donated by food vendors, food manufacturers, supermarkets, companies, and even individuals from all over the province, and distribute them to those who need them the most promptly; giving better use and more meaningful value to the food that is well-packaged, but may have been wasted.
Source: Taiwan People's Food Bank Association l台灣全民食物銀行協會
#2 美國加州非營利組織 「Food Shift」 Non-profit Organization - Food Shift
每年,位於美國加州的非營利組織「Food Shift」,收集將近 12 萬磅本來會被丟掉的食物,用來餵飽 1 萬 2 千人,同時,亦發起「廚藝訓練計畫」,培力當地的低收入戶,將剩食烹煮成健康的餐點,盼能降低食物浪費、解決貧窮問題。 他們努力將準備好的營養食品盡可能地分發到缺乏食品的社區,並嘗試透過工作培訓和就業支援來提升居民的經濟水準。
Food Shift 創辦人兼執行總監 Dana Frasz 表示,他們的目標是:創造一個結合公共健康、經濟平等和環境永續的模式,而且可擴張、可複製到其他地方施行,並透過社會企業創造永續、雙贏情況。
Each year, Food Shift, a California-based nonprofit organization, collects nearly 120,000 pounds of food that would otherwise be thrown away and feeds 12,000 people, while also launching a "culinary training program" to empower low-income families in the area to cook leftovers into healthy meals, in the hope of reducing food waste and solving the problem of poverty. They strive to maximize nutritious food prepared and distributed to food insecure communities, and to support individuals with limited resources to achieve economic security through job training and employment.
Dana Frasz, founder and executive director of Food Shift, says the organization's goal is to create a model that combines public health, economic equity, and environmental sustainability that can be scaled up and replicated elsewhere, creating win-win, sustainable situation through social enterprise.
Source: Food Shift