SDGs 3
健康與福祉 | Good Health and Well-Being
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花 5 分鐘快速理解相關觀念｜ Let's Take a Quick Glance at the Relevant Concepts of SDGs 3
SDGs 3 Goal｜確保及促進各年齡層的健康生活與福祉
Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-being for All at All Ages
Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-being for All at All Ages
Source: UNESCO l 聯合國教科文組織
SDGs 3 包含了哪些細項目標? What Targets and Indicators are Included in SDGs 3?
細項目標 Target
3.1 到2030年前，全球孕產婦死亡率降低至每十萬活產中少於70例。
By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.
指標 Indicator
3.1.1 降低孕產婦死亡率。
Maternal mortality ratio.
3.1.2 提高由熟練保健人員接生的比例。
Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel.
細項目標 Target
3.2 到2030年前，消除新生兒和五歲以下兒童的可預防死亡率，所有國家將新生兒死亡率降低至每千人死亡12人；五歲以下兒童死亡率降低至每千人死亡25人。
By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births.
指標 Indicator
3.2.1 降低5歲以下兒童死亡率。
Under-five mortality rate.
3.2.2 降低新生兒死亡率。
Neonatal mortality rate.
細項目標 Target
3.3 到2030年前，終結愛滋病、肺結核、瘧疾以及受忽視的熱帶性疾病，並對抗肝炎、水傳染性疾病以及其他傳染疾病。
By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases.
指標 Indicator
3.3.1 按性別、年齡和重點人群分類，降低每 1,000 名未感染人群中新感染 HIV 的人數。
Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population, by sex, age and key populations.
3.3.2 降低每 100,000 人的結核病發病率。
Tuberculosis incidence per 100,000 population.
3.3.3 降低每 1,000 人的瘧疾發病率。
Malaria incidence per 1,000 population.
3.3.4 降低每 100,000 人的 B 型肝炎發病率。
Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000 population.
3.3.5 降低因被忽視的熱帶病而利用醫療措施的人數。
Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases.
細項目標 Target
3.4 到2030年前，透過預防、治療以及促進心理健康與福祉，將非傳染性疾病導致的過早死亡率降低三分之一。
By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being.
指標 Indicator
3.4.1 降低因心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病或慢性呼吸道疾病的死亡率。
Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease.
3.4.2 降低自殺死亡率。
Suicide mortality rate.
細項目標 Target
3.5 強化物質濫用的預防與治療，包括麻醉藥品濫用以及酗酒。
Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol.
指標 Indicator
3.5.1 強化對藥物使用的治療措施，包含（藥理學、社會心理和康復及善後服務）等範疇。
Coverage of treatment interventions (pharmacological, psychosocial and rehabilitation and aftercare services) for substance use disorders.
3.5.2 以一公升的純酒精為指標，降低一年內人均（15 歲及以上）的酒精消費量。
Alcohol per capita consumption (aged 15 years and older) within a calendar year in litres of pure alcohol.
細項目標 Target
3.6 到2020年前，全球道路交通事故造成的死傷人數減半。
By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents.
指標 Indicator
3.6.1 降低因道路交通傷害而造成的死亡率。
Death rate due to road traffic injuries.
細項目標 Target
3.7 到2030年前，確保性和生殖醫療保健服務的普遍性與可取得性，包括家庭計畫、資訊與教育，並將生育保健納入國家策略與計畫。
By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.
指標 Indicator
3.7.1 用現代方法滿足計劃生育的育齡婦女（15-49 歲）的比例。
Proportion of women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods.
3.7.2 預估（10-14 歲；15-19 歲）此年齡組每 1,000 名青春期少女的生育率。
Adolescent birth rate (aged 10-14 years; aged 15-19 years) per 1,000 women in that age group.
細項目標 Target
3.8 實現全民醫療保險，包括財務風險保障，提供所有人高品質的基本保健服務，以及安全、有效、優質、可負擔的基本藥品和疫苗。
Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.
指標 Indicator
3.8.1 包括實現所有基本衛生服務。
Coverage of essential health services.
3.8.2 減少家庭衛生支出較大的人口占家庭總支出或收入的比例。
Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as a share of total household expenditure or income.
細項目標 Target
3.9 到2030年前，大幅減少危險化學物質、空氣污染、水污染、土壤污染以及其他污染造成的死亡及疾病人數。
By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.
指標 Indicator
3.9.1 降低因家庭環境和空氣污染而導致的死亡率。
Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution.
3.9.2 降低因不安全的水、不安全的衛生設施和缺乏個人衛生（接觸不安全的水、環境衛生和個人衛生問題）而導致的死亡率。
Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services).
3.9.3 降低意外中毒的死亡率。
Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning.
細項目標 Target
3.a 加強所有國家執行與落實「世界衛生組織菸草控制框架公約（World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control）」。
Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate.
指標 Indicator
3.a.1 降低15 歲及以上人群當前煙草使用的年齡標準化流行率。
Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older.
細項目標 Target
3.b 針對主要影響開發中國家的傳染病和非傳染性疾病，支援疫苗以及醫藥研發，並依據杜哈宣言提供負擔的起的基本藥物與疫苗；杜哈宣言中，發展中國家可充分利用國際專利規範——與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定（TRIPS），以保護民眾健康，尤其是必須提供醫藥管道給所有人。
Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all.
指標 Indicator
3.b.1 增加納入國家規劃中所有疫苗覆蓋的目標人群比例。
Proportion of the target population covered by all vaccines included in their national programme.
3.b.2 增加對醫學研究和基礎衛生部門的官方發展淨援助總額。
Total net official development assistance to medical research and basic health sectors.
3.b.3 增加在可持續的基礎上，擁有一套可負擔得起的核心相關基本藥物的衛生設施之比例。
Proportion of health facilities that have a core set of relevant essential medicines available and affordable on a sustainable basis.
細項目標 Target
3.c 大幅增加開發中國家醫療保健的融資與借款，以及醫療保健從業人員的招募、培訓以及留任，尤其是最低度開發國家（LDCs）與小島嶼發展中國家（SIDS）。
Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing State.
指標 Indicator
3.c.1 增加醫療相關工作者的密度和分佈。
Health worker density and distribution.
細項目標 Target
3.d 加強所有國家早期預警、減少風險，以及國家和全球健康風險的管理能力，特別是開發中國家。
Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks.
指標 Indicator
3.d.1 加強根據國際衛生條例 (IHR) 能力和衛生應急的準備。
International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity and health emergency preparedness.
3.d.2 控制由選定的抗菌素耐藥生物所引起的血液感染之百分比。
Percentage of bloodstream infections due to selected antimicrobial-resistant organisms.
SDGs 3 實際案例｜ Case Study of SDGs 3
#1 嬰兒保溫袋公司「Embrace」 Baby Warmer Company - Embrace
「擁抱」，其實是一個嬰兒專用的保暖袋，由一名就讀史丹佛大學工商管理碩士的華裔女孩Jane Chen發明。 設計既安全、方便攜帶之餘，售價相比傳統醫院用的保溫箱亦便宜很多，是傳統保溫箱的0.1%。「擁抱」只需插電30分鐘，就能保溫4至6小時。
令Jane Chen決心研發「擁抱」，源自她親眼目睹的早產嬰兒悲慘故事。Jane Chen早年曾到過印度，在當地遇到一名年輕婦女Sevitha，及她的早產嬰兒Rani。Sevitha帶Rani到村裡最近的診所看病，醫生卻叫她帶Rani去城裡的醫院，因為那裏才有保溫箱。由村莊到醫院的路程需要4個小時，最後Rani因此夭折。
Jane Chen 希望可以出一份力解決這個嬰兒死亡的問題。她發現，每年約有2000萬早產嬰兒出生，其中有400萬離世。 不僅如此，即使嬰兒活下來，但體溫過低將令他無法正常發育，構成健康問題，如糖尿病、心臟病、智力不足等，可說是「輸在起跑線上」。
因此Jane Chen 隨後在印度、中國、尼泊爾等地販售低價實用的保溫袋，每個大約20美元，幫助了超過15萬個新生嬰兒。並希望「擁抱」日後可抱緊更多嬰兒，讓他們在溫暖下成長。
The "Embrace" is actually a warming bag for babies, invented by Jane Chen, a Chinese-American girl studying for a Master of Business Administration degree at Stanford University. The design is safe, portable and much cheaper than traditional hospital incubators, at 0.1% of the cost of a traditional incubator. The "Embrace" only needs to be plugged in for 30 minutes and can keep warm for 4 to 6 hours.
Jane Chen's decision to develop Embrace came from a tragic story of a premature baby she had personally witnessed in India, where she met a young woman, Sevitha, and her premature baby, Rani. Sevitha took Rani to the nearest clinic in her village, but the doctor told her to take Rani to a hospital in the city, where the incubator was available. Sevitha takes Rani to the nearest clinic in the village, but the doctor tells her to take Rani to the hospital in the city because that's where the incubator is. The journey from the village to the hospital took four hours and Rani died prematurely.
Jane Chen wanted to do her part to solve the problem of infant mortality. She discovered that about 20 million premature babies are born each year, and 4 million of them die. Not only that, but even if the baby survives, hypothermia prevents him from developing normally, leading to health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, and mental retardation, which means he loses out on the starting line.
Jane Chen has sold low-cost, practical warming bags in India, China and Nepal for about $20 each, helping more than 150,000 newborns. She hopes that in the future, Cuddle will be able to cuddle more babies, so that they can grow up in warmth.
Source: Embrace
#2 Phelophepa Healthcare Train 醫療列車
Transnet-Phelophepa 列車是免費的行動醫療診所，開往南非農村地區，每 5,000 名患者只有一名醫生。 Phelophepa 的意思是「良好、乾淨健康」，由 Transnet 基金會擁有和運營。
Transnet Phelophepa 醫療列車擁有寬敞的諮詢室，足以容納患者、護送人員、護士和臨床主管。目前共有16 位醫生協助這個列車計畫。
裡面還設有配備最先進診斷工具的急診室，包括心臟監視器、除顫器、靜脈治療設備和可調式特倫德倫伯臥位床。
這個列車提供癌症、糖尿病和高血壓篩檢，幫助女性進行子宮頸抹片檢查，並協助男性進行前列腺檢查。無論在哪，Phelophepa 帶來的不僅僅是良好、乾淨健康的承諾，它還為最需要的人帶來希望和治癒，向患者兌現承諾。
The Transnet-Phelophepa trains are free, mobile healthcare clinics that travel to areas of rural South Africa, where there is just one doctor for every 5,000 patients. Phelophepa means "good, clean health" and is owned and operated by Transnet Foundation.
The Transnet Phelophepa Medical Train has a spacious consulting room large enough to accommodate patients, escorts, nurses and clinical supervisors. There are currently 16 doctors assisting the train program.
It also has an emergency room with latest diagnostic tools, including cardiac monitors, defibrillators, arterial therapy equipment and adjustable Trendelenburg beds.
The train offers screenings for cancer, diabetes and hypertension, helps women with pap smears and men with prostate exams. Everywhere, Phelophepa delivers more than just the promise of good, clean health; it delivers hope and healing to those who need it most, keeping its promise to its patients.
Source: Saldanha Bay Local Municipality
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