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花 6 分鐘快速理解相關觀念｜ Let's Take a Quick Glance at the Relevant Concepts of SDGs 1
SDGs 1 Goal｜消除全球一切形式的貧窮 End Poverty in All its Forms Everywhere
Source: UNESCO l 聯合國教科文組織
SDGs 1 包含了哪些細項目標? What Targets and Indicators are Included in SDGs 1?
細項目標 Target
1.1 到2030年前，消除世界上所有人的極端貧窮（目前定義的目標為每日生活費不足1.25美元的人類）。
By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day.
指標 Indicator
1.1.1 按照性別、年齡、就業狀況和地理位置（城市/鄉村）劃分生活在國際貧窮線以下的人口比例。
Proportion of the population living below the international poverty line by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural).
細項目標 Target
1.2 到2030年前，依據各國界定標準，至少減半各年齡層的男人、婦女和兒童貧窮人數。
By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions.
指標 Indicator
1.2.1 按照性別和年齡劃分生活在國家貧窮線以下的人口比例。
Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age.
1.2.2 根據各國家的貧窮定義，劃分各個生活面中所有年齡段貧窮的男性、女性和兒童的比例。
Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions.
細項目標 Target
1.3 依各國國情實施合適的全民社會保障制度和措施，包括社會底層人民，到2030年能涵蓋大範圍的貧窮、弱勢族群。
Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable.
指標 Indicator
1.3.1 按性別劃分社會保障最低標準/體系所覆蓋的人口比例，並區分出兒童、失業者、老人、殘疾人、孕婦、新生兒、工傷受害者以及窮人和弱勢人群。
Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable.
細項目標 Target
1.4 到2030年前，確保所有人，尤其是貧窮與弱勢族群，能享有平等獲得經濟資源的權利，涵蓋層面包含經濟資源、基本服務、土地和其他形式財產的所有權、控制權、繼承權、自然資源、新科技和金融服務（包括微型貸款）等。
By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance.
指標 Indicator
1.4.1 增加能在生活中享有基礎生活的家庭人口比例。
Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services.
1.4.2 利用性別和保有權，以(a)有法律認可的文件及(b)認為的土地權利是安全的人，計算擁有安全的土地持有權的成人口比例。
Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, (a) with legally recognized documentation, and (b) who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and by type of tenure.
細項目標 Target
1.5 到2030年前，提升貧窮與弱勢族群的韌性和災後復原能力，減少他們遭受極端氣候、經濟、社會和環境衝擊與災害。
By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters.
指標 Indicator
1.5.1 減少每10萬人口中因災難死亡、失蹤人員和直接受災害影響的人數。
Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population.
1.5.2 減少災害造成的直接經濟損失與全球國內生產毛額（GDP）之間的比例。
Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP).
1.5.3 增加根據《2015-2030年仙台減少災害風險框架》通過並實施減少災害風險戰略的國家數量。
Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.
1.5.4 增加根據國家減少災害風險戰略，採用和實施減少災害風險戰略的地方政府比例。
Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies.
細項目標 Target
1.a 確保各個地方的資源能夠大幅動員，包括加強發展合作，為發展中國家，尤其是最低度開發國家（LDCs），提供妥善且可預測的方法，以實施計畫與政策全面消除國內貧窮。
Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions.
指標 Indicator
1.a.1 確保所有援助者提供於減貧的官方發展援助款佔受到援助國民國民總收入的比例。
Total official development assistance grants from all donors that focus on poverty reduction as a share of the recipient country's gross national income.
1.a.2 增加政府用於基礎服務（教育、衛生和社會保障）的支出比例。
Proportion of total government spending on essential services (education, health and social protection).
細項目標 Target
1.b 依據考量到貧窮與性別的發展策略，建立國家、區域、國際層級的健全政策框架，加速消除貧窮行動的投資。
Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions.
指標 Indicator
1.b.1 提高有利於窮人的公共社會支出。
Pro-poor public social spending.
SDGs 1 實際案例｜ Case Study of SDGs 1
#1 微笑人咖啡 Laughing Man Coffee
一間由大明星休.傑克曼親自宣傳、經營、發起的公平貿易咖啡店。
他們的宗旨：通過投資計劃來解決咖啡農和家人們的健康、成長和成功，並支持咖啡農社區。
休.傑克曼希望透過公平貿易咖啡所賺到的錢，實質的改善非洲咖啡農的生活品質和經濟狀況，真真正正將該給咖啡農的錢交到他們手裡，並透過微笑人咖啡基金會資助大學獎學金、房屋修繕、社區建造等等，期望讓咖啡農過上更好的生活。
A fair trade coffee shop promoted and organized by a star movie star, Hugh Jackman. Their mission: to address the health, growth and success of coffee farmers and their families through investment programs that support the coffee farming community.
Hugh Jackman hopes that the money earned from Fair Trade coffee will actually improve the quality of life and the economic situation of African coffee farmers, and that the money will be given to the farmers directly. Through the Laughing Man Coffee Foundation, they hope to make a better life for the farmers by sponsoring college scholarships, home repairs, community building, and much more.
Source: Business Wire
#2 巴西顧問公司「Questtonó」 Brazilian Consulting Firm - Questtonó
在巴西東北部農村，是該國最貧困的地區，貧窮比例超過6成。他們主要以務農為生，主要種植作物是木薯—吃起來有堅果味、長得像番薯的根莖類植物。但因為木薯產量高、利潤低，導致農夫難以依賴木薯取得穩定收入。
「Questtonó」試圖改變此情形，藉由一場社會影響力實驗，找出木薯的新價值，進而協助該地農民脫貧。
經過評估與研究後，Questtonó決定與啤酒公司AmBev合作，向農民收購木薯作為原料、並於當地生產啤酒。
在2018年，他們推出第一款啤酒，名為「Nossa」，意思是「我們的」。 之後，他們又以相同的模式，到其他州向農民收購在地特有農作物，產製出該地獨有的啤酒、且僅在當地獨家販售。
時至2020年，Questtonó和AmBev將這項商業模式發展為「Roots 計畫」，複製到巴西各州。新的啤酒品牌一一誕生，在巴西中部的戈亞斯州，出現 Esmera；在皮奧伊州，則出現Berrió，都是利用當地原生作物製成。這些品牌的出現，應證在地作物可應用於其他需求高且獲利高的產品上。
Rural areas in northeastern Brazil are among the poorest in the country, with more than 60% of the population living in poverty. They make their living mainly by farming, and their main crop is cassava - a rhizome-like plant that tastes nutty and looks like a sweet potato. However, the high yield and low profitability of cassava make it difficult for farmers to rely on cassava for a steady income.
Questtonó seeks to change this situation by conducting a social impact experiment to find a new value for cassava, which will in turn to help the farmers in the area to get out of poverty. After evaluation and research, Questtonó decided to partner with the beer company AmBev to buy cassava from farmers as an ingredient and produce beer locally.In 2018, they launched their first beer, called 'Nossa', which means 'ours'.
They then followed the same model, traveling to other states to buy local crops from farmers to produce a beer that was unique to that state and sold exclusively there.
By 2020, Questtonó and AmBev had developed the business model into the Roots program, replicating it in every Brazilian state. New beer brands have emerged, including Esmera in the central Brazilian state of Goiás, and Berrió in the state of Piauí, they are all made from local native crops. The emergence of these brands is proof that local crops can be used for other high-demand and profitable products.
Source: Questtonó
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