SDGs 16
和平、正義及健全制度 | Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
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花 4 分鐘快速理解相關觀念｜ Let's Take a Quick Glance at the Relevant Concepts Of SDGs 16
SDGs 16 Goal｜促進和平多元的社會，確保司法平等，建立具公信力且廣納民意的體系Promote Peaceful and Inclusive Societies for Sustainable Development, Provide Access to Justice for all and Build Effective, Accountable and Inclusive Institutions at All Level
Source: UNESCO l 聯合國教科文組織
SDGs 16 包含了哪些細項目標? What Targets and Indicators are Included in SDGs 16?
細項目標 Target
16.1 大幅減少各地各種形式的暴力，以及暴力相關事件的死亡率。
Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere.
指標 Indicator
16.1.1 按照性別和年齡劃分，降低每 10 萬人中故意殺人的受害者人數。
Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age.
16.1.2 按照性別、年齡和原因劃分，降低每 10 萬人中與衝突相關的死亡人數。
Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, age and cause.
16.1.3 降低過去 12 個月內，遭受 (a) 身體暴力、(b) 心理暴力和 (c) 性暴力的人口比例。
Proportion of population subjected to (a) physical violence, (b) psychological violence and (c) sexual violence in the previous 12 months.
16.1.4 增加天黑後在自己居住的地區獨自行走而感到安全的人口比例。
Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they live after dark.
細項目標 Target
16.2 終結對兒童進行虐待、剝削、販賣以及一切形式的暴力和酷刑。
End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children.
指標 Indicator
16.2.1 減少在過去一個月中，遭受看護者體罰和/或心理攻擊的 1-17 歲兒童所佔之比例。
Proportion of children aged 1–17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month.
16.2.2 按照性別、年齡和剝削形式劃分，降低每 10 萬人中被人口販賣的人數。
Number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population, by sex, age and form of exploitation.
16.2.3 降低18 歲至 29 歲的年輕女性和男性在 18 歲前遭受過性暴力的比例。
Proportion of young women and men aged 18–29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18.
細項目標 Target
16.3 促進國家和國際層級的法治，確保人人都有平等獲得司法的途徑。
Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all.
指標 Indicator
16.3.1 降低在過去 12 個月內，向主管機構或其他官方認可的衝突解決機構報告其受害情況的暴力受害者所佔之比例。
Proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported their victimization to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms.
16.3.2 降低未判刑的被拘留者佔監獄總人口的比例。
Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population.
16.3.3 按機制類型劃分，計算過去兩年經歷過爭議並使用正式或非正式爭議解決機制的人口比例。
Proportion of the population who have experienced a dispute in the past two years and who accessed a formal or informal dispute resolution mechanism, by type of mechanism.
細項目標 Target
16.4 到2030年前，大幅減少非法的資金與武器流動，加強被盜資產的歸還和回復，並打擊一切形式的組織犯罪。
By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime.
指標 Indicator
16.4.1 減少非法資金流入和流出的總價值（以現價美元計算）。
Total value of inward and outward illicit financial flows (in current United States dollars).
16.4.2 擴大主管機構已根據國際文書追查或確定了非法來源和背景的繳獲、發現或交出武器的比例。
Proportion of seized, found or surrendered arms whose illicit origin or context has been traced or established by a competent authority in line with international instruments.
細項目標 Target
16.5 大幅減少各種形式的貪污賄賂。
Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms.
指標 Indicator
16.5.1 降低在過去 12 個月內，與公職人員至少有過一次接觸並向公職人員行賄或被這些公職人員索賄的人員比例。
Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months.
16.5.2 降低在過去 12 個月內，與公職人員至少有過一次接觸並向公職人員行賄或被這些公職人員要求行賄的企業比例。
Proportion of businesses that had at least one contact with a public official and that paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials during the previous 12 months.
細項目標 Target
16.6 在各層級建立有效率、負責且透明的制度。
Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels.
指標 Indicator
16.6.1 按部門（或按預算代碼或類似方式）劃分，精算主要政府支出佔原始批准預算的比例。
Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or by budget codes or similar).
16.6.2 增加對最近一次的公共服務體驗感到滿意之人口比例。
Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services.
細項目標 Target
16.7 確保各級的決策皆能回應民意、兼容各方，且具備參與性和代表性。
Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels.
指標 Indicator
16.7.1 按照性別、年齡、殘疾人和人口群體劃分，增加國家和地方機構中的職位比例，包括 (a) 立法機構； (b) 公共服務； (c) 司法機構與全國分佈的比較。
Proportions of positions in national and local institutions, including (a) the legislatures; (b) the public service; and (c) the judiciary, compared to national distributions, by sex, age, persons with disabilities and population groups.
16.7.2 按照性別、年齡、殘疾和人口群體劃分，擴大認為決策具有包容性和響應性的人口比例。
Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group.
細項目標 Target
16.8 擴大及強化開發中國家參與全球治理機構。
Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance.
指標 Indicator
16.8.1 增加發展中國家在國際組織中的成員比例和投票權。
Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations.
細項目標 Target
16.9 到2030年前，為所有人提供合法身分，包括出生登記。
By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration.
指標 Indicator
16.9.1 增加已在民政機構進行出生登記的 5 歲以下兒童之比例（按年齡）。
Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age.
細項目標 Target
16.10 依據國家立法與國際協議，確保民眾可取得各項資訊，保障基本自由。
Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements.
指標 Indicator
16.10.1 減少在過去 12 個月內，經核實的殺害、綁架、被消失、任意拘留和對記者、相關媒體人員、工會成員和人權倡導者進行酷刑的案件數量。
Number of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months.
16.10.2 增加通過並實施憲法、法規和/或政策保障公眾獲取訊息的國家數量。
Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information.
細項目標 Target
16.a 強化國家機制，包括透過國際合作方式，建立各階層預防暴力和打擊恐怖主義與犯罪的能力，尤其是在開發中國家。
Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime.
指標 Indicator
16.a.1 增加符合《巴黎原則》的獨立國家人權機構。
Existence of independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles.
細項目標 Target
16.b 促進及落實沒有歧視的法律與政策，以實現永續發展。
Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development.
指標 Indicator
16.b.1 減少在過去 12 個月內，因國際人權法禁止的歧視理由而感受到歧視或騷擾的人口比例。
Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law.
SDGs 16 實際案例｜ Case Study of SDGs 16
#1 Not for sale 反人口販運組織
「Not for sale」試著營救人口販賣受害者，但發現他們並未從源頭解決問題，當地的低收入和孩童進入性產業才是真正的問題。 因此創立了Rebbl飲料公司，從製造原料亞馬遜開始，也從全球各地的貧困地區進口原物料，透過與亞馬遜地區的村落合作，使當地堅果取得有機公平交易憑證，不只能夠幫助當地生計，更能夠保護孩童的生活環境。 Rebbl將利潤的2.5%回饋給Not for sale計畫，Not for sale在利用這筆錢投資在窮困低區的教育、宣導對人口販賣的風險。除此之外更用於開辦學校、引水以及開發新的農業用地。
創始人Baston說 「Not for sale想要的是創造一個能夠營利的商業模式，將可行的經濟行為帶進亞馬遜。」我們可以蓋一萬間庇護所，但解決當地困頓的經濟和民生，才是解決根本之道。在Rebbl和Not for sale的幫助之下，亞馬遜地區的部落已經有5年並未發生人口販賣。
''Not for sale'' tried to rescue victims of human trafficking, but realized that they hadn't solved the problem at the source, and that the real problem was the low income of the local people and the entry of children into the sex industry. Rebbl Beverages was founded to make the raw material from the Amazon, and to import the raw material from poor areas around the world. By working with villages in the Amazon, the company has been able to obtain Organic Fair Trade certificates for local nuts, which not only helps local livelihoods, but also protects the living environment of children. Rebbl gives 2.5% of its profits back to the Not for sale program, which uses the money to invest in education in poor communities and raise awareness of the risks of human trafficking. It is also being used to open schools, divert water and develop new agricultural land.
''What Not for Sale wants to do is create a profitable business model that brings viable economic behavior to the Amazon," says founder Baston. We can build 10,000 shelters, but the fundamental solution is to solve local economic and livelihood problems. With the help of Rebbl and Not for Sale, the tribes in the Amazon have been free of human trafficking for five years.
Source: Not For Sale Facebook
#2 印度保衛女性安全的App — Safetipin
最近，印度政府要求手機必須具備緊急求救功能，是因為印度每年發生性侵案發生的比例仍持續上升。認為婦女們能夠快速地向警方或親友尋求協助，才能避免意外的發生。
但是並非所有人印度婦女都能夠負擔高昂的手機費用，甚至還要加裝GPS功能。因此有可能會有貧困的印度女性，無法購買智慧型手機，從而導致更接近危險。
不過，隨著新方案的實施，印度目前也有許多網路公司提供保衛女性安全的APP。例如Safetipin，它能夠在地圖上標示出安全分數，以此判斷該範圍是否安全，讓用戶做為參考，決定該不該前往的依據，以打造一個和平、正義且安全的社會。
Recently, the Indian government required cell phones to be equipped with an emergency call for help because the rate of sexual assaults in India continues to rise each year. It is believed that women can avoid accidents by being able to quickly seek help from the police or friends and family.
However, not all women in India can afford the high cost of a cell phone, even with GPS. So there is a risk that poor Indian women may not be able to afford a smartphone, putting them closer to danger.
However, with the implementation of the new program, there are a number of online companies in India that offer apps to keep women safe, such as Safetipin, which displays a safety score on a map to determine whether the area is safe for users to use as a reference to decide whether or not they should go there in order to create a peaceful, just and safe society.
Source: SAFETIPIN
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