SDGs 14
保育海洋生態 | Life below Sea
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花 4 分鐘快速理解相關觀念｜ Let's Take a Quick Glance at the Relevant Concepts Of SDGs 14
SDGs 14 Goal｜保育及永續利用海洋生態系，以維持生物多樣性並防止海洋環境劣化
Conserve and Sustainably Use the Oceans, Seas and Marine Resources for Sustainable Development
Source: UNESCO l 聯合國教科文組織
SDGs 14 包含了哪些細項目標? What Targets and Indicators are Included in SDGs 14?
細項目標 Target
14.1 到2025年前，預防及大幅減少各類型的海洋污染，尤其來自陸上活動，包括海洋廢棄物和營養物污染。
By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution.
指標 Indicator
14.1.1 降低(a) 沿海富營養化指數和 (b) 塑料碎片密度。
(a) Index of coastal eutrophication; and (b) plastic debris density.
細項目標 Target
14.2 到2020年前，永續管理及保護海洋和海岸生態系統，避免產生重大負面影響，包括加強海洋恢復力，並採取復原行動，使海洋保持健康、物產豐饒。
By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.
指標 Indicator
14.2.1 增加使用基於生態系統的方法來管理海洋區域之國家數量。
Number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas.
細項目標 Target
14.3 減緩並改善海洋酸化的影響，包括透過在各層級加強科學合作。
Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels.
指標 Indicator
14.3.1 降低在商定的代表性採樣站套件中測量的平均海洋酸度 (pH)。
Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations.
細項目標 Target
14.4 到2020年前，有效規範捕撈活動，終結過度漁撈和非法、未通報、未受管制（IUU）和破壞性捕撈，並實施科學管理計畫，在最短時間內恢復魚群數量，至少到達依物種特性，可產生最大永續產量的水準。
By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics.
指標 Indicator
14.4.1 確保魚類資源在生物永續水準內的比例。
Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels.
細項目標 Target
14.5 到2020年前，依各國和國際法規，並基於現有的最佳科學資訊，保護至少10％的沿海與海洋區域。
By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.
指標 Indicator
14.5.1 擴大與海洋區域有關的保護區的覆蓋範圍。
Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas.
細項目標 Target
14.6 到2020前，禁止導致產能過剩和過度捕撈的漁業補助，取消助長未受管制之漁撈補貼，並避免再制定新的相關補助。同時承認世界貿易組織漁業補助談判協定中，須包含對於開發中國家和最低度開發國家（LDCs）合理、有效的特殊及差別待遇。
By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation.
指標 Indicator
14.6.1 加快旨在打擊非法、未報告和未受管制捕撈的國際文書之執行程度。
Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.
細項目標 Target
14.7 到2030年前，提高海洋資源永續使用對小島嶼發展中國家（SIDS）與最低度開發國家（LDCs）的經濟效益，包括透過永續管理漁撈業、水產養殖業與觀光業。
By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism.
指標 Indicator
14.7.1 提高小島嶼發展中國家、最低度開發國家和所有國家可持續漁業佔國內生產毛額（GDP）的比例。
Sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP in small island developing States, least developed countries and all countries.
細項目標 Target
14.a 加強科學知識、發展研究能力、轉移海洋技術，並考慮政府間海洋學委員會（Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission）制定的海洋科技轉讓之標準與原則，改善海洋健康，促進海洋生物多樣性對開發中國家發展的貢獻，特別是對於小島嶼發展中國家（SIDS）與最低度開發國家（LDCs）。
Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries.
指標 Indicator
14.a.1 增加分配給海洋技術領域研究的研究預算總額的比例。
Proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the field of marine technology.
細項目標 Target
14.b 提供小規模人工漁撈業者取得海洋資源與進入市場的管道。
Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets.
指標 Indicator
14.b.1 確保小規模漁業准入權的法律/監管/政策/體制框架之應用程度。
Degree of application of a legal/regulatory/policy/institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small‐scale fisheries.
細項目標 Target
14.c 根據《聯合國海洋法公約（UNCCLOS）》針對海洋及海洋資源保育和永續利用提出的合法框架，制定國際法規落實保育和永續利用海洋資源，如同《我們希望的未來（The Future We Want）》第158段所述。
Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of "The future we want".
指標 Indicator
14.c.1 擴大在通過法律、政策和體制框架批准、接受和執行《聯合國海洋法公約》所反映的執行國際法之海洋相關文書方面取得進展的國家數量，以保護和可持續利用海洋海洋及其資源。
Number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources.
SDGs 14 實際案例｜ Case Study of SDGs 14
#1 Plastic Whale — 全球第一間釣垃圾的公司
Pastic Whale認為塑膠垃圾是一個日益嚴重的全球性問題，從各種新聞可看見，被魚網困住的鯨魚、鼻孔裡卡著吸管的海龜等等。這些都是因為人們認為塑膠是一種毫無價值的一次性使用產品，用過一次就丟。但Plastic Whale能夠將塑膠垃圾點石成金，重新製作成船和家具。
他們是一間在阿姆斯特丹發展的公司，七年前希望能把河流上的塑膠垃圾回收再利用，製成船隻；七年後，擁有10艘「塑膠船」的他們，將目標升級成，消滅全世界的塑膠垃圾汙染，提升塑膠垃圾的價值。
Plastic Whale與Airbnb合作組織團體旅遊，除了能夠遊阿姆斯特丹船河之外，還要用提供的網子，在河道上撈垃圾，將撈上來的垃圾分類加工後，重新再利用。與知名家具行Vepa合作的他們，也推出了利用塑膠垃圾製造的時尚家具，除了親自打撈垃圾之外，也能讓消費行為為海洋環境盡一份心力。
Pastic Whale recognizes that plastic waste is a growing global problem, as seen in news stories of whales caught in fishnets and sea turtles with straws stuck in their nostrils. This is because people think of plastic as a worthless, disposable product that is used once and then thrown away. But Plastic Whale can turn plastic waste into gold, turning it into boats and furniture.
They are an Amsterdam-based company that seven years ago wanted to recycle plastic waste from rivers into boats; seven years later, with 10 "plastic boats," they have upgraded their goal to eliminate plastic waste pollution around the world and increase the value of plastic waste.
Plastic Whale cooperates with Airbnb to organize group tours. In addition to touring Amsterdam's Boat River, the group is also required to use the nets provided to fish for garbage on the river, and then sort and process the garbage collected for reuse. In cooperation with the famous furniture company Vepa, they also launched fashionable furniture made from plastic waste, which not only salvage the garbage themselves, but also allow consumers to do their part for the marine environment.
Source: Plastic Whale Foundation
Hanalolo認為保育及永續利用海洋與海洋資源，以確保永續發展是非常重要的。
他們做出許多行動來幫助海洋永續發展，像是停止使用塑膠包裝，由於產生海洋垃圾和燃燒，塑料袋會導致環境負擔。因此，他們從 2019 年開始停止使用塑料袋包裝 。
Hanalolo同時致力於收集和重複利用發泡粒。自 2021 年以來，他們著手收集和再利用使用過的發泡粒，以減少對自然環境的負擔。
他們也舉辦了一些淨灘活動，如「第一屆全國暑假SDGs兒童挑戰賽-沒有塑膠的大海」，讓民眾收集被丟棄在海邊的「保麗龍垃圾」並送達hanalolo日本總公司進行回收製作成衝浪板，然後捐給有需要的孩子們使用。
Hanalolo believes that it is important to conserve and sustainably utilize the oceans and marine resources to ensure sustainable development.
They have taken many actions to help make the oceans sustainable, such as discontinuing the use of plastic packaging, which is an environmental burden due to the generation of marine debris and combustion. Therefore, they will stop using plastic bags from 2019.
Hanalolo is also committed to collecting and reusing foam pellets. Since 2021, they have been collecting and reusing used styrofoam pellets to reduce the burden on the natural environment.
They have also organized beach cleanup activities such as the "1st National Summer SDGs Kids Challenge - Sea Without Plastic", where people collect "Styrofoam garbage" discarded at the beach and send it to Hanalolo Japan to be recycled into surfboards, which are then donated to children in need.
Source: ハナロロ
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