SDGs 10
減少不平等 | Reduced Inequalities
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花 4 分鐘快速理解相關觀念｜ Let's Take a Quick Glance at the Relevant Concepts Of SDGs 10
SDGs 10 Goal｜減少國內及國家間的不平等
Reduce Inequality within and among Countries
Source: UNESCO l 聯合國教科文組織
SDGs 10 包含了哪些細項目標? What Targets and Indicators are Included in SDGs 10?
細項目標 Target
10.1 到2030年前，以高於全國平均水準之速率，逐步實現並維持最底層40%人口的所得成長。
By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average.
指標 Indicator
10.1.1 維持底層 40%人口和總人口的家庭支出或人均收入增長率。
Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population.
細項目標 Target
10.2 到2030年前，增強並促進所有人的社會、經濟和政治包容性，無論其年齡、性別、身心障礙、種族、族群、族裔、宗教、經濟或其他任何區別。
By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status.
指標 Indicator
10.2.1 按照性別、年齡和殘疾人劃分，減少生活水平低於中等收入 50% 的人口比例。
Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities.
細項目標 Target
10.3 確保機會平等、減少不平等現象，包括消除歧視的法律、政策及實務作法，並推動適當的立法、政策與行動。
Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard.
指標 Indicator
10.3.1 減少在過去 12 個月內曾因國際人權法中禁止的歧視理由而親自感受到歧視或騷擾的人口比例。
Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed within the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law.
細項目標 Target
10.4 採用適當政策，尤其是財政、薪資與社會保護政策，逐步實現進一步的平等。
Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality.
指標 Indicator
10.4.1 增加勞動力佔國內生產毛額（GDP）的比例。
Labour share of GDP.
10.4.2 降低財政政策的再分配影響。
Redistributive impact of fiscal policy.
細項目標 Target
10.5 改善對全球金融市場和金融機構的監管和監測，並加強相關條例執行。
Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations.
指標 Indicator
10.5.1 設立財務穩健指標。
細項目標 Target
10.6 確保開發中國家在全球經濟、金融機構的決策過程中，更具代表性和發言權，以建立更有效、可信、負責任和合法的機構。
Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions.
指標 Indicator
10.6.1 增加發展中國家在國際組織中的成員比例和投票權。
Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations.
細項目標 Target
10.7 促進有秩序、安全、規律、及負責的移民，包括執行妥善規劃及管理良好的移民政策。
Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies.
指標 Indicator
10.7.1 降低員工承擔的招聘費用佔目的地國月收入的比例。
Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of monthly income earned in country of destination.
10.7.2 增加制定有利於有序、安全、正常和負責任的移民、人員流動的移民政策之國家數量。
Number of countries with migration policies that facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people.
10.7.3 移民過程中，減少在前往國際目的地時死亡或失踪的人數。
Number of people who died or disappeared in the process of migration towards an international destination.
10.7.4 按照原籍國劃分，減少難民人口比例。
Proportion of the population who are refugees, by country of origin.
細項目標 Target
10.a 依據世界貿易組織的協定，施行開發中國家的特殊和差別待遇原則，尤其是對最低度開發國家（LDCs）。
Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements.
指標 Indicator
10.a.1 增加對最低度開發國家和發展中國家實施零關稅進口之關稅細目比例。
Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff.
細項目標 Target
10.b 依據各國計畫與方案，鼓勵對需求最大的國家提供官方發展援助和資金流動（包括外國直接投資），尤其是最低度開發國家（LDCs）、非洲國家、小島嶼發展中國家（SIDS）、及內陸開發中國家（LLDCs）。
Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes.
指標 Indicator
10.b.1 按照受援國和捐助國劃分，增加發展資源流量總額以及流量類型（例如官方發展援助、外國直接投資和其他流量）。
Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows).
細項目標 Target
10.c 到2030年前，將移民匯款的交易費用減少至3%以下，並消除費用高於5%的匯款管道。
By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 percent.
指標 Indicator
10.c.1 降低匯款費用佔匯款金額的比例。
Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted.
SDGs 10 實際案例｜ Case Study of SDGs 10
#1 東京都社會住宅 Social Housing in Tokyo
在東京都，政府會提供公營住宅給低收入戶、有需求的市民，以減少社會不平等的現象。 公營住宅根據不同法規、以及不同對象所設立的分成三種:公社住宅、都施行型都民住宅和都營住宅。
公社住宅是由JKK東京(東京都住宅公社)所管理的公營行租賃住宅，免禮金以及免仲介等手續費。是因為在日本租房的難度高，除了填寫緊急連絡人和保證人外，在簽訂租約初期，除了第一個月的房租還需要繳納保證金、禮金、手續費、保險金、保證公司使用費等等。
都民住宅主要針對中產階級，以提供家庭式公寓為主，不需要禮金、仲介費以及不需要保證人作為擔保，因此亦不需要保證金。出租的公寓則是由東京都政府所管理的。
主要提供給低收入戶的公共住宅是由東京都政府直接管理。 住宅屋型分成供小家庭使用的家庭式公寓以及供60歲以上或身心障礙人士的單人住宅。
In Tokyo, the government provides public housing to low-income households and people in need in order to reduce social inequality. There are three types of public housing according to different laws and regulations, and for different target groups: communal housing, metropolitan housing, and metropolitan housing.
Communal housing is public rental housing managed by JKK Tokyo, and is free of deposit and brokerage fees. The reason for this is that it is very difficult to rent in Japan. In addition to filling out the Emergency Contact and Guarantor forms, at the beginning of the lease contract, in addition to the first month's rent, you will be required to pay a security deposit, gift money, handling fees, insurance premiums, and a fee for the use of a guarantee company.
As urban housing is mainly aimed at the middle class, and mainly offers family apartments, there is no need for security deposits, brokerage fees, or guarantors to act as guarantors. Rental apartments are managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.
Public housing is managed directly by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. There are two types of apartments: family apartments for small families and single-occupancy apartments for people over 60 years of age or physically or mentally handicapped people.
Source: 眼底城事
#2 PriPri Palette : 日本歷史上第一本，專為特殊學齡前兒童所設計的雜誌
「孩子們就像繪畫的顏料，每個人都有不同的顏色。聚在幼兒園時，就像是色彩繽紛的調色盤。我們希望讓每個孩子，都能閃耀著自己特有的光彩。」
開辦PriPri Palette的宗旨，是為了告訴世人，特殊兒不是問題兒童也不是頭痛人物，事實上最困擾的是孩子自己。 希望能藉由這本雜誌讓世人們能真正認識特殊兒，也能希望大家能在不知不覺中接納他人的不同，尊重他人的想法，甚至在某些情況發生下能夠立即行動協助他人，進而達到消彌社會不平等的目標。這本雜誌不只是開辦給成人看，更是為了給孩子們立下榜樣。
"Children are like paints, each with a different color. They are like a palette of colors when they are in the nursery. We want each child to shine with his or her own unique color."
The purpose of PriPri Palette is to show the world that children with special needs are not the problem children or the headache people, in fact, it is the children themselves who are the most disturbed. We hope that through this magazine, the world can get to know children with special needs, and we also hope that we can unconsciously accept the differences of others, respect the ideas of others, and even take immediate action to help others in certain situations, so that we can achieve the goal of eliminating social inequality. This magazine is not only for adults, but also to set an example for children.
Source: PriPri Palette
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