IG Inspection Study Guide
Leadership Defined
Leadership is the ability to influence, lead, or guide others so as to accomplish a mission in the manner desired by providing purpose, direction, and motivation.
Purpose gives others a reason for why they should do something.
Direction gives others the “knowledge” to complete the task.
Motivation gives others the will to do what they are capable of doing.
Leadership Primary and Secondary Objectives
Primary- Accomplish the mission / Mission Accomplishment
Secondary- Troop welfare
Core Values – Honor, Courage, and Commitment
Honor is the quality that guides Marines to exemplify ethical and moral behavior.
Courage is a mental quality that recognizes fear of danger or criticism, but enables a leader to proceed in the face of it with calmness and firmness.
Commitment means the dedication to carry out all unit tasks and to serve the values of the country, the MCJROTC, and the unit.
Leadership Traits – (JJ DID TIE BUCKLE)
Judgment is the ability to consider all of the factors of a problem or situation. It is then up to the leader to make a correct decision.
Justice is being fair and even in your decisions, and impartiality should be your watchword.
Dependability is being known to perform duties in a proper manner.
Initiative is the ability, or presence of mind, to take action in the absence of any clearly defined orders.
Decisiveness is that quality that allows an individual to take swift and firm action.
Tact is the ability to deal with others without creating offense.
Integrity is being honest and upright, truthful in actions and words.
Enthusiasm is showing interest and exuberance in the performance of duties.
Bearing is creating a favorable impression by your appearance. You should carry yourself well, and always act in a manner becoming to an officer.
Unselfishness is putting the comfort and advancement of others ahead of your own.
Courage is that mental quality that allows you to face fear and to overcome it, physical or moral.
Knowledge is technical and tactical knowledge that will help accomplish tasks.
Loyalty is the quality of faithfulness to country, organizations, seniors, subordinates and peers.
Endurance is the ability to deal with hardships, both physical and mental.
Leadership Principles
Leadership Principles You Apply to Yourself
- Know yourself and seek self-improvement
- Make sound and timely decisions
- Set the example
- Be technically and tactically proficient
- Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions
Leadership Principles You Apply to Others
- Know your subordinates
- Keep your subordinates informed
- Train your subordinates as a team
- Develop a sense of responsibility among your subordinates
Leadership Principles You Apply to Group Functions
- Employ your command in accordance with its capabilities
- Ensure the task is understood, supervised, and accomplished
The Lamp of Learning device used in the cadet enlisted rank insignia signifies intensive study, a source of intellect, and moral and spiritual illumination.
Components of the Marine Emblem – Eagle, Globe and Anchor.
Eagle: Symbol of our Nation
Globe: Worldwide Service
Anchor: Naval Traditions / Ties
Introspection – When you examine your actions and motives to see whether you are acting in a correct and responsible manner.
The Bill of Rights – Defined as the first 10 amendments to the U. S. Constitution.
The Flag of the United States is known as “Old Glory” The original flag of the United States made in 1777 consisted of 13 alternating red and white strips and a rectangular union with a blue background and 13 white stars.
The colors represented in the flag signify the following:
Red- hardness and valor (from our mother country)
White- purity and innocence (stars from the heaven and stripes representing Liberty)
Blue- vigilance, perseverance, and justice (background for a new constellation)
Freedom Documents –
(1) Mayflower Compact – Nov 11, 1620
(2) Declaration of Independence – July 4, 1776
(3) Articles of Confederation – 1781
(4) Constitution of the United States of America – September 17, 1787
(5) The Bill of Rights – December 15, 1791
3 Branches of Government – Legislative, Judicial, and Executive
history
Birthday – November 10, 1775
Birthplace of the Marine Corps – Tun Tavern in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
First Commandant of the Marine Corps – Samuel Nicholas was the first officer commissioned in the Marine Corps and is therefore given credit for being the first commandant; however, the first official commandant, appointed by President John Adams was William Ward Burrows.
Name of the Marine Officer sword – The Mameluke Sword which was presented to Lt. Presley O’Bannon in 1805 during the Barbary Wars.
Significance of Lt. Presley O’Bannon – Led the charge against the Barbary Pirates fortress of Derna (Tripoli). After taking the fort, he raised the American flag which was the first time the American flag was raised in the Old World.
“Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps” – Archibald Henderson who served the longest term as Commandant (1820 – 1859).
First Marine Amphibious landing – Capt Nicholas led the first landing party in 1776 at New Providence Island in the Bahamas.
First Marine Aviator (aka. Father of Marine Corps Aviation) – Lt Alfred E. Cunningham
First Female Marine – Opha Mae Johnson enlisted in 1918.
First Marine Recruiter – Capt Robert Mullen
First Marine to receive the Medal of Honor – Cpl John Mackie
13th Commandant of the Marine Corps – General John A. Lejeune
Oldest Post in the Marine Corps – 8th & I
Origin of the term “Devil Dogs” – Belleau Wood was a World War I battle (1-26 Jun 1917) where Americans fought the Germans at Bois de Belleau in France. The Marines attacked the German forces across an open wheat field. Casualties were high and much of the fighting was hand to hand, but the Marines prevailed and secured Belleau Wood. The Germans so respected the Marines for their tenacity in combat that they called them “Teufel hunden” or “Devil Dogs.” Teufel hunden were the vicious, wild, and ferocious mountain dogs of Bavarian folklore.
Origin of the term “Leatherneck” – The nickname “Leatherneck” originated from the wide and stiff leather neck-piece that was part of the Marine Corps uniform from 1798 until 1872. This leather collar, called the stock, was roughly three inches high and had two purposes. In combat, it protected the neck and jugular vein from being cut by the blades of enemy swords. On parade, it kept a Marine's head erect.
Origin of the Marine Blood stripe – During the Mexican-American War, the Marines attacked the hill of Fort Chapultepec beginning on 13 Sept 1847. There was fierce hand to hand fighting while the Marines engaged Santa Anna’s forces atop Chapultepec. (Chapultepec was 200 ft high and 600 ft long with a 12 foot wall around it. After defeating the Mexican forces, the Marines attacked into Mexico City and took possession of the National Palace where once had stood the Halls of Montezuma. This broke the back of the Mexican Army and only token resistance existed after that battle. Since Marine officers and NCOs sustained an unusually high casualty rate during the battle, Marine Officers and NCOs began wearing scarlet stripes on their dress pants to commemorate the Marine blood shed at Chapultepec and the Halls of Montezuma.
Origin of the Quatrefoil on Marine Officer Barracks cover – Quatrefoil refers to a four-pointed decoration on the top of a warrant or commissioned Marine officer's dress and service cover. The design was first used with Marine officers on sailing ships so that Marine sharpshooters in the rigging did not shoot their own officers on the deck during close-quarters gun battles (as when crews of opposing ships attempted to board each other's ship). An official part of U.S. Marine Corps officer uniforms since 1859, the quatrefoil was initially crossed pieces of rope sewn into officers' caps before becoming officially mandated as a uniform item.
Origin of the Marine Corps’ Fourragère – The 5th Marine Regiment and the 6th Marine Regiment of the United States Marine Corps were awarded the fourragère for having earned the Croix de Guerre with palm leaf three times during World War I. Marines originally earned this award as an individual decoration through their heroism, bloodshed, and ultimate sacrifice on the fields of Belleau Wood, Soissons, and Champagne. 5th & 6th Marine Regiments are the only two units still authorized to wear the fourragère.
Name of the Marine Corps Band –“The President’s Own”
Translation of the Marine Corps’ Motto “Semper Fidelis” – Latin for “Always Faithful”
Marine Corps Colors – Scarlet and Gold
Marine Corps Mascot – The English Bulldog. Current mascot is named Private First Class Chesty XIV.
Most Decorated Marine – Lieutenant General Lewis B. “Chesty” Puller. Earned (5) Navy Cross Medals
Two Marines that have been awarded the Medals of Honor twice – Sergeant Major Dan Daly received two Medals of Honor; the first, as a Private during the Boxer Rebellion and the second as a Gunnery Sergeant during the Spanish American War. Dan Daly also fought at Belleau Wood during World War I as a First Sergeant. The second Marine to receive two Medals of Honor is Major General Smedley Butler. His first medal of honor was awarded for actions in Vera Cruz, Mexico in 1914, and his second was for actions in Haiti in 1915.
Famous Battles
Mexican War (1848) - Veracruz and Mexico City (Montezuma and Chapultepec)
World War I (1914 – 1918) – Belleau Wood in France
World War II (1941 – 1945) – Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Saipan, Tarawa
Korean War (1950 – 1953) – Chosin Reservoir
Vietnam (1965 – 1972) – Hue City Khe Sahn
Grenada (1983)
Beirut (1982-1984)
Kuwait (1991)
Iraq (2003)
general orders
General Orders
1. To take Charge of this post and all government property in view.
2. To walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on the alert, and observing everything that takes place within sight or hearing.
3. To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce.
4. To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the guardhouse than my own.
5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.
6. To receive, obey, and pass on to the sentry who relieves me, all orders from the Commanding Officer, Officer of the Day, and officers and non-commissioned officers of the guard only.
7. To talk to no one except in the line of duty.
8. To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.
9. To call the corporal of the guard in any case not covered by instructions.
10. To salute all officers, and all colors and standards not cased.
11. To be especially watchful at night, and during the time for challenging, to challenge all persons on or near my post, and allow no one to pass without proper authority.
LE II-IV
The Role of the Non-Commissioned Officer (LE II-IV)
Five Purposes of the NCO
1. Decentralize Authority
2. Provide Links between commanders and enlisted
3. Provide a senior enlisted advisor for the commander
4. Afford avenues for advancement
5. Recognize and reward outstanding skills
The Role of the Officer (LE II-IV)
1. Always a leader
2. Perform as the decision-maker
3. Responsible for the actions of subordinates
Authority, Responsibility, Accountability (LE II-IV)
Authority- The legitimate power of a leader to direct individuals to take action with the scope of the leader’s position.
Responsibility- The obligation to act or to do a task that has been assigned. Cannot be delegated.
Accountability- The very cornerstone of leadership. Leaders must answer for their actions and accept the consequences.
LE III-IV
Leadership Styles (LE III-IV)
1. Authoritarian- Leader tells subordinates what to do and how to do it without consulting others advice or ideas.
a. Time is of the essence
b. Inexperienced subordinates
c. Leader knows each team member’s strengths and weaknesses
d. Leader has the ability and knowledge carry out the task to successful completion
2. Participative- Leader involves the ideas and advice of others. Subordinates are involved in determining the plan.
a. Gives the group a voice in the decision-making process
b. Leader benefits from the ideas, attitudes, and opinions of the group
c. Instills value in subordinates and can positively influence morale
d. The decision will be made by the leader
3. Delegative- Decision-making authority is delegated to a subordinate.
a. Decision-making authority is delegated to a subordinate
b. Leader demonstrates confidence in the experience and judgment of a subordinate
c. Intimate knowledge of subordinate’s strength and weaknesses is critical
d. Leader is ultimately responsible for the accomplishment of the task
Inspection – When officials visit a place or group of people and check carefully to find out whether regulations are being obeyed.
Evaluation – When you consider someone or something in order to make an judgement about them.
Proficiency – Being able to do something well.
Trepidation – Fear or anxiety of something you are going to do or experience.
Flag Terminology- The American flag is referred to by different names depending on how and where the flag is being displayed. Marine Corps terms dealing with flags are precise and particular.
1. National Ensign- This is the national flag displayed over Marine or Naval Posts, Stations, or Ships. The National Ensign comes in three sizes:
a. Post Flag: 10 feet by 19 feet, flown in fair weather except on Sundays and national holidays
b. Storm Flag: 5 feet by 9 feet six inches, flown during foul weather.
c. Garrison: 20 feet by 38 feet, flown on Sundays and national holidays.
2. National Color- This is the national flag carried by Marine organizations. When not in the hands of troops, the National Color is entrusted to the command’s adjutant.
3. National Standard- This is the national flag that is carried by a mounted, mechanical, motorized, or aviation unit in Marine organizations.
Saluting the “Colors”- Aboard military installations there are two times each day which service members salute the National Ensign. The first is at the beginning of the day, known as morning colors, which the flag is raised at 0800. During the raising of the flag, either the National Anthem or “To the Colors” is played. The second is at sunset when the national ensign is lowered. During the lowering of the National Ensign, either “Retreat” or the National Anthem will be played. In both instances, when out of doors, all service members must stop, face in the direction of the flag pole, come to the position of attention and render a hand salute. They must hold the salute until the last note of the music is sounded. If in civilian clothes, service members will stand at attention and place their right hand over their heart. There are other specific instances when honoring the respect for the flag is demonstrated by saluting. Refer to your cadet LE I text for more details.
Purpose of the Chain of Command - to ensure each individual receives instructions for a particular task from only one supervisor. When a commander wants a specific task accomplished, a subordinate leader is given an order and the order is passed down the chain of command.
LE IV
A Leader’s Role in Conflict Resolution (LE IV)
1. Be objective: Maintain stability in the group by quickly eliminating conflict in an objective and reasonable manner.
2. Take Systematic Steps: A leader can take certain steps to deal with conflict.
a. Explanation- Listen objectively to both sides to determine if the conflict is created by misunderstanding.
b. Alternatives- Offer the parties an alternative method in handling the conflict.
c. Negotiation- Mediate negotiations to come up with a fair solution to which both sides can agree.
d. Counseling- Provide follow-on counseling to each party to ensure harmony is maintained.
e. Investigation- Investigate accusations or indicators that continue to imply that a persistent conflict exists in a timely manner.
f. Authority- Maintain a position of authority over the parties and hold each side accountable for their actions.
3. Maintain Self-control: The leader’s verbal and non-verbal communication influences how the parties accept their authority over the conflict.
a. Verbal- Remain calm and communicate in a normal tone of voice using words that will help de-escalate the conflict. Do not accuse or demean either party. Refrain from verbal communication that may indicate you agree with one side and not the other.
b. Non-verbal- Maintain equal eye contact with each party. Maintain an open posture and do not cross your arms or legs. Do not point your finger or make threatening facial or eye gestures to either party.
LE IV KNOWLEDGE
Conflict – Defined as any situation where incompatible activities, feelings or intentions occur together.
Leader’s Role in Conflict Resolution – Maintain stability in the group by quickly eliminating conflict in an objective and reasonable manner.
Two Causes of Conflict – External and Internal Circumstances
Fraternization – The term used to describe inappropriate personal or business relationships amongst cadets of different rank or position.
Types of Sexual Harassment – Verbal, Physical and Non-verbal
Patriot – A person who loves, defends, or supports the ideals of their Country.
Patrick Henry – Patriot known for stating “Give me Liberty or Give me Death”
Nathan Hale – Patriot who said “I regret that I have but one life to give for my country”.
James Madison – Patriot known as the father of our Constitution.
uniforms
USMC Uniform Types – 4 types of uniforms are Dress, Service, Utility and Physical Training.
Know your cadet uniform regulations (Wearing of cover, placement of rank, placement of ribbons, military alignment, length of belt, length of trousers/skirt, lacing of boots/shoes)
Know the MCJROTC grooming standards (Male: haircut, mustache, fingernails; Female: hair styles, make-up, lipstick, nail polish and length)
Uniform Regulations
Web Belt - The edge of the belt tip is to extend a minimum of 2 inches and a maximum of 4 inches past the wearers’ left belt buckle edge.
Military Alignment - Shirt edge, belt buckle and fly of trousers are all in a straight vertical line.
Trouser Length - Meet at the juncture of the heel and the sole of the shoe, with 1⁄4 inch tolerance above or below it.
Cover - Never worn indoors unless being inspected.
Marine Corps Emblem - On the cover, the wings of the emblem are placed parallel to the deck (floor) and the anchor is pointed forward. Cadet officer small rank insignia on direct opposite side. On the dress blues uniform, the left and right collar emblems are worn parallel to the deck with anchors pointed inboard.
Insignia - Cadet Officer. Cadet officers will wear their large rank insignia centered on the shoulder strap of their blue coat, tanker jacket, and all weather coats.
On khaki and utility shirts, the small rank insignia will be worn centered between the top and bottom edges of the collar, one inch from the front edge.
The small officer rank insignia will be worn on the right side of the garrison cap opposite to the Marine Corps emblem, with the rank placed at a point midway on the arc of the flap and the flap generally bisecting the rank.
Insignia - Cadet Enlisted Rank. Enlisted rank insignia will be worn on khaki shirts, raincoats and utility shirt collars with the point of the chevron up, bisecting the angle of the collar, bottom edge 1⁄2 inch from the collar edge.
Ribbons Males - Positioned 1/8 inch above the shooting badge (if worn) or 1/8 inch above the left breast pocket & centered, if no badges are worn.
Females - Worn in the same position as described for the shooting badges when worn on the khaki shirt. When worn with the shooting badge, they are positioned above, the same as the males.
Marksmanship Badge Males - Worn 1/8 inch above the left breast pocket & centered.
Females - When worn on the khaki shirt, even with or up to 2 inches above the first visible button at the top of the shirt, and centered. On the uniform coats, they are positioned the same as the males.
Medals Males - On the men's blue dress and blue-white dress coats, large medals will be worn centered above the left breast pocket with the upper edge of the holding bar on a line midway between the first and second buttons of the coats.
Females - On women's blue dress coats, one row of large medals will be placed centered over the left breast pocket with the top of the holding bar about 1 inch above a horizontal line tangent to the highest part of the pocket. When two or more rows of medals are worn, the top of the holding bars of the bottom row of the medals will be approximately 1/4 to 1 inch above a horizontal line tangent to the highest point of the pocket.
Wearing Ribbon Bars with Large Medals - When large medals are worn, all other ribbons with no medal authorized will be worn centered over the right breast pocket, the bottom edge of the lower row 1/8 inch above the top of the pocket.
Females wear ribbons on the right side of the coat front in about the same vertical position as worn with dress "B" and service "A" uniforms. Ribbon bars are normally worn in rows of three in the order of precedence from the wearer's right to left and from top down. Cadets who have not been awarded large medals, but who are entitled to wear a ribbon(s) for which no medal is authorized will wear such ribbon(s) over the right breast pocket as described above.