Telepractice Research funded by the Nantional Institute of Health (NIH)

When the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act became a law in 1975, its purpose was to provide appropriate public education to all children with disabilities. However, there is a significant shortage of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) across the U.S., especially in rural areas such as West Texas. This shortage has created an ever-increasing disparity in the availability of SLPs who can work with children affected by various medical conditions such as cleft palate.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 1 of every 1,700 babies in the United States is born with cleft palate, a condition that occurs when the tissue that forms the roof of the mouth fails to completely join during pregnancy.

Lee, project director and primary investigator, and her collaborators will conduct a clinical trial to study the efficacy of applying telemedicine, more commonly known as telepractice by SLP practitioners, to treat children with cleft palate in the West Texas area. The clinical trial has three goals: to establish the efficacy of applying telepractice speech intervention for children with repaired cleft palate, to quantitatively define articulation errors using instrumentation analyses and to identify any speech perception deficits in children with cleft palate.

Lee’s research team also will include three researchers from Texas Tech University: Jo Woon Chong, Ph.D., from the Whitacre College of Engineering; Francisco Ortega, Ph.D., from the School of Art; and Kwanghee Jung, Ph.D., from the College of Education. Youkyung Bae, Ph.D, from The Ohio State University Department of Speech and Hearing Science also will join Lee’s project.

Lee has studied telepractice since she joined TTUHSC in 2010. One of the first things she discovered was the lack of SLPs in rural areas of the West Texas region, resulting in a large population of underserved children with speech-language disorders.

“I observed that many patients drove two to three hours to the Speech and Hearing Clinic at TTUHSC to receive 30 to 45 minutes of service, and then returned home,” Lee recalled. “Children were pulled out of school early or parents forfeited their vacation time to take their children to therapy sessions. The loss of time and money was tremendously costly, so I thought we should develop a new way to deliver services to the underserved children in the rural area of the West Texas.”

Because of the distances between Lubbock and many of the rural West Texas communities, Lee knew facilitating more frequent in-person treatment sessions was not a realistic solution. She believed telepractice was the best way to mitigate the SLP shortage issue and provide treatment to underserved children in rural areas, especially those born with cleft palate.

However, Lee discovered there was little available data to determine whether or not telepractice is a viable treatment option for children with speech disorders related to cleft palate. She also found two major limitations to the sparse data available: the listener's varying judgment — rather than instrumental analysis — served as the primary tool to identify and evaluate these children’s speech errors and abnormal speech patterns, and that the role speech perception plays in producing abnormal speech patterns had not been fully investigated.