Steward Profile

Education

Ph.D., Marine Biology (1996) University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California

B.A., Biology (1986) Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

Employment

2014–present Professor

2008–2014 Associate Professor

2002–2008 Assistant Professor, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822

2000–2001 Post-Graduate Researcher, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California

1998–2000 Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California

1996–1998 Post-Graduate Research Oceanographer, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California

Other Professional Appointments

2008–2010, 2017–2019 Division Head, Biological Oceanography Division

2009–2010, 2018–2019 Associate Department Chair

1996–present Review Editor Aquatic Microbial Ecology

Major Research Interests

environmental and molecular microbiology; viruses of microorganisms; biological oceanography; plankton ecology; subsurface microbiology; microbial coastal water quality; oceans and human health; methods development

Teaching

Major Contributor

2003–present OCN 201 Science of the Sea
2002–present OCN 626 Marine Microplankton Ecology
2006–2015 CMORE Summer Course “Microbial Oceanography: from Genomes to Biomes” (classroom lectures, colloquia and field work aboard R/V Kilo Moana)

Other Regular Contributions

2015–2018 MBIO 604 Marine Biology Seminar (co-lead of a discussion section)
2007–present OCN 621 Biological Oceanography (variable 1 to 5 guest lectures)
2003–2019 OCN 628 Benthic Biological Oceanography (Instruct a guest lab on enumerating benthic microorganisms)

Additional Contributions

2019 OCN 102 Introduction to the Environment and Sustainability. Assisted the instructor (Michael Cooney) as a facilitator in Friday discussion sections
2014 BIOL 602 Marine Biology – Processes and Impacts. Instructors R. Bidigare, K. Weng. Contributed one guest lecture on Oceans and Human Health: Pathogens
2012–2014 BIOL 601/602 Marine Biology – Environments and Organisms (Helped plan Microbiology portion of the course, deliver a lecture and a Lab)
2010, 2015 BIOL 404 Advanced Topics in Marine Biology (1 lecture, 3%; Instructors: A. Sherwood and C. Hunter)
2009 OCN 629 Molecular Methods in Marine Ecology (Contributed 20%)
2007–2009 OCN 403 Marine Functional Genomics and Biotechnology (Contributed 7%)
2006 PISCO (Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Coastal Ocean) summer course on Coastal Physical Oceanography and Marine Ecosystems (invited lecture on small-scale processes), Santa Cruz , CA
2004 OEST 740 Marine Biofilms: Ecology and Impact (Contributed guest lecture)

Professional Awards and Activities

Awards

2020 Board of Regent’s Medal for Excellence in Teaching – University of Hawaiʻi

2020 Department of Oceanography Edward D. Stroup Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching

2020 Excellence in Teaching Award – Na Kama Kai oceanography graduate student organization

2015 Department of Oceanography Edward D. Stroup Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching

1996 Teaching Assistant Excellence Award. Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego

Other Honors & Activities

2017 Selected as one of three “Master Teachers” for Spring 2017, by Center for Teaching Excellence http://www.cte.hawaii.edu/masterteachers.html

2017 Travel Award for Expert Lecture Series, University of the Philippines, Diliman

2006 Outside opponent, Dissertation Defense of Kjärstin Boström, University of Kalmar, SWEDEN

2005 Associate Member, SCOR Marine Virus Working Group (SCOR WG126)

2003-ʻ04 Participant in the NASA Astrobiology Institute Virus Focus Group

2001 Velux Visiting Professors Program. Marine Biological Laboratory, Helsingør, DENMARK

Invited Talks

2019 Symposium on Giant Virus Biology. Max Planck Institute, Schloss Ringberg, Tegernsee, Germany. Viruses in the sea: why be big? Nov 18.
2019 CaliciNet User Meeting, Keynote Speaker. Honolulu, HI. Navigating a sea of viruses – new discoveries in the ocean virome. May 20.
2019 Hanauma Bay Education Program, “Hanauma Talks”. Honolulu, HI. Double agents: viruses as enemies and allies of the plankton. March 14.
2017 University of the Philippines, Diliman, Marine Sciences Institute. “World Expert Lecture Series”. A sea of infections: a remarkable menagerie of marine viruses shapes ocean life from surface waters to deep in the ocean basement. May 24
2017 Heriot-Watt University, Lyell Center, Edinburgh by videoconference. The pervasive influence of viruses on marine life. April 21
2015 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Microbiology. Was it something I ate? A photosynthetic flagellate, a giant ingestible virus, and the mixed blessings of mixotrophy Sep 28
2015 Marine Molecular Ecology, Gordon Research Conference at Hong University of Science and Technology Deep Infection: Viruses Lurk in the Subsurface Fluids of the Oceanic Crust Aug 2-7
2014 Hanauma Bay Education Center, Honolulu, HI. Oceans and Human Health: exploring our microbial connections to the sea. October 13.
2014 Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Interactions (C-DEBI) Annual Meeting, Marina, CA. Viruses in the deep subsurface crustal fluids: sampling challenges and first results. October 3.
2014 NASA Astrobiology Institute Seminar Series, Honolulu, HI. Tracking tiny giants to the edge of life. April 21.
2014 Nerd Nite Honolulu. My Tiny Valentine: Viruses can make you sick, but can they also make you sexy? February 26.
2013 International Symposium on Giant Virus Biology, Tergensee, GERMANY. A giant virus infecting a marine phytoplankter in the genus Florenciella (Dictyochophyceae). November 17-20.
2013 Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI. Viruses in the sea: where supramolecular chemistry meets marine ecology. February 25.
2012 National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, CHINA. Opportunities for monitoring pathogens in the marine environment: a case study with Vibrio vulnificus. October 22-26.
2010 Palmer Station Science Lectures: Viruses Rule the Sea! Driving ecology and evolution from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Palmer Station, Antarctica, November 9, 2010.
2009 ReefTalk Public Service Presentation. Microbial water quality monitoring. Kailua-Kona, HI, August 18, 2009.
2009 Hawaii’s Dynamic Ocean: Hawaii Ocean Observing System Public Lecture Series, Honolulu, HI. Ocean observing systems: challenges and opportunities for microbial water quality monitoring. February 11, 2009.
2008 Hanauma Bay Education Program, Educational Lecture Series. Honolulu, HI. Marine viruses – are they threats to you? August 14, 2008.
2006 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA. Symposium in honor of Farooq Azam’s 65th Birthday. An Azam Tale about Coming of Phage in the 1990’s. February 2007.
2006 University of Kalmar, SWEDEN. Virus Aquaticus. February 2007.
2004 Department of Microbiology Seminar Series, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI. Prospects and problems of using DNA arrays to study microbial community diversity: a case study with the nitrogenase gene. September 2004.
2004 Pacific Research Center for Marine Biomedicine Seminar Series, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI. Swimming in the Gene Pool: Marine Microbial Ecology and Human Health. August 2004.
2002 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, HI Assessing Viral Diversity in the Sea. February 2002.
1999 American Society of Limnology and Oceanography General Meeting, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA Measuring bacterial growth rates in aquatic environments: A new approach. February 1999.
1998 8th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Analysis of marine viral communities: The killers’ fingerprints. August 1998.

Field Work

I have participated in dozens of oceanographic research cruises, which have included work in the Adriatic and Arabian Seas and the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific and Southern Oceans aboard large and small oceanographic research vessels and a nuclear submarine. I have also participated in dozens of sampling expeditions in coastal seas and inland water bodies using small boats (~25 to 60 ft). In my research I have employed ROVs (Tiburon from MBARI and Jason from WHOI) and I have conducted coastal and blue water SCUBA diving operations. From 2007-2015, I participated in the planning and execution of annual 8- to 10-day expeditions aboard the R/V Kilo Moana, a SWATH vessel based at the University of Hawaii Marine Center as part of a summer training course for graduate students in microbial oceanography. I have also led and directly participated in field expeditions by my lab to sample coastal waters of Antarctica (2010) and subseafloor fluids of the Juan de Fuca Ridge Flank (2013) and the North Pond sediment basin at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (2017).

Publications

Peer-reviewed Journal Articles

2023

Edwards KF, Li Q, Steward GF (2023). Ingestion kinetics of mixotrophic and heterotrophic flagellates. Limnology and Oceanography 68(4): 917–927 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12320
Edwards KF, Li Q, McBeain KA, Schvarcz CR, Steward GF (2023). Trophic strategies explain the ocean niches of small eukaryotic phytoplankton Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 290: 20222021, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2021

2022

Bullington JA, Golder AR, Steward GF, McManus MA, Neuheimer AB, Glazer BT, Nigro OD, Nelson CE (2022). Refining real-time predictions of Vibrio vulnificus concentrations in a tropical urban estuary by incorporating dissolved organic matter dynamics. Science of the Total Environment 829: 154075. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154075
Nigro OD, James-Davis LI, De Carlo EH, Li Y-H, Steward GF (2022). Variable freshwater influences on the abundance of Vibrio vulnificus in a tropical urban estuary. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 88(6):e0188421. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01884-21
Li Q, Edwards KF, Schvarcz CR, Steward GF (2022). Broad phylogenetic and functional diversity among mixotrophic consumers of Prochlorococcus. The ISME Journal DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01204-z
Schvarcz, CR, Wilson, ST, Caffin, M, Li Q, Turk-Kubo KA, White AE, Karl DM Zehr JP, Steward GF (2022). Overlooked and widespread pennate diatom-diazotroph symbioses in the sea. Nature Communications 13(1): 799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28065-6

2021

DeLong JP, Al-Sammak MA, Al-Ameeli ZT, Dunigan DD, Edwards KF, Fuhrmann JJ, Gleghorn JP, Li H, Haramoto K, Harrison AO, Marston, MF, Moore RM, Polson SW, Ferrell BD, Salsberry ME, Schvarcz CR, Shirazi J, Steward GF, Van Etten J, Wommack KE. Toward an integrative view of virus phenotype. Nature Reviews Microbiology doi: 10.1038/s41579-021-00612-w
Arisdakessian C, Nigro OD, Steward GF, Belcaid M. (2021) CoCoNet: An Efficient Deep Learning Tool for Viral Metagenome Binning. Bioinformatics, btab213, DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab213
Linney MD, Schvarcz CR, Steward GF, DeLong EF, Karl DM. (2021) A method for characterizing dissolved DNA and its application to the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 19: 210-221 https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10415
Edwards KF, Steward GF, Schvarcz CR. (2021) Making sense of size and the tradeoffs shaping viral fitness. Ecology Letters 24(2): 363-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13630.

2020

Kukovetz K, Hertel B, Schvarcz CR, Saponaro A, Manthey M, Burk U Greiner T, Steward GF, Van Etten J, Moroni A, Thiel G, Rauh O. (2020) A functional K+ channel from Tetraselmis virus 1, a member of the Mimiviridae. Viruses 2020, 12, 1107; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101107
Li Q, Edwards KF, Schvarcz CR, Selph KE, Steward GF. (2020) Plasticity in the grazing ecophysiology of Florenciella (Dichtyochophyceae), a mixotrophic nanoflagellate that consumes Prochlorococcus and other bacteria. Limnology and Oceanography https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11585

2018

Roux S, Adriaenssens EM, Dutilh BE, et al. (2018) Minimum Information about an Uncultivated Virus Genome (MIUViG) Nature Biotechnology 37:29–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4306
Edwards, KF and GF Steward. (2018) Host traits drive viral life histories across phytoplankton viruses. The American Naturalist 191 (5): 566-581. https://doi.org/10.1086/696849
Schvarcz, CA and GF Steward. (2018) A giant virus infecting green algae encodes key fermentation genes. Virology 518: 423-433 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/696849

2017

Nigro, OD, SP Jungbluth, H-T Lin, C-C Hsieh, JA Miranda, CR Schvarcz, MS Rappé, GF Steward. (2017) Viruses in the Oceanic Basement. mBio 8(2) e02129-16. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02129-16
Miranda, JA and GF Steward. (2017) Variables influencing the efficiency and interpretation of reverse transcription, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR): an empirical study using Bacteriophage MS2. Journal of Virological Methods. 241: 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.12.002

2016

Miranda, JA, AI Culley, CR Schvarcz and GF Steward. (2016) RNA viruses as major contributors to Antarctic virioplankton. Environmental Microbiology 18(11): 3714-3727. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13291

2015

Nigro OD and GF Steward. (2015) Differential specificity of selective culture media for enumeration of pathogenic vibrios: advantages and limitations of multi-plating methods. Journal of Microbiological Methods 111: 24-30

2014

Culley AI, JA Mueller, M Belcaid, EM Wood-Charlson, G Poisson, GF Steward. (2014) The characterization of RNA viruses in tropical seawater using targeted PCR and metagenomics. mBio 5(3):e01210-14. doi:10.1128/mBio.01210-14.
JA Mueller, Culley AI, GF Steward. (2014) Variables influencing extraction of nucleic acids from microbial plankton (viruses, bacteria, and protists) collected on nanoporous aluminum oxide filters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80(13): 3930-3942
Durham, BP, J Grote, KA Whittaker, SJ Bender, H Luo, SL Grim, JM Brown, JR Casey, A Dron, L Florez-Leiva, A Krupke, CM Luria, AH Mine, OD Nigro, S Pather, A Talarmine, EK Wear, TS Weber, JM Wilson, MJ Church, EF DeLong, DM Karl, GF Steward, JM Eppley, NC Kyrpides, SC Schuster, and MS Rappé. (2014) Draft genome sequence of marine alphaproteobacterial strain HIMB11, the first cultivated representative of a unique lineage within the Roseobacter clade possessing an unusually small genome. Standards in Genomic Sciences 9: 632-645
Fiedler JW, MA McManus, MS Tomlinson, EH De Carlo, GR Pawlak, GF Steward, OD Nigro, RE Timmerman, PS Drupp, JR Wells, CE Ostrander. (2014) Real-time observations of the February 2010 Chile and March 2011 Japan tsunamis in Honolulu, Hawaii as recorded by the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System. Oceanography 27(2): 186-200

2013

Brum JR, AI Culley, GF Steward. (2013) Assembly of a marine metagenome after physical fractionation. PLoS ONE 8(4): e60604 (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060604)
Johnson AE, BS Powell, GF Steward. (2013) Characterizing the effluence near Waikiki, Hawaii with a coupled biophysical model. Continental Shelf Research 54: 1-13 (doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2012.12.007)
Steward GF, AI Culley, JA Mueller, EM Wood-Charlson, M Belcaid, G Poisson. (2013) Are we missing half the viruses in the sea? ISME Journal 7(3) 627-679. Advance online publication 2012 doi: 10.1038/ismej.2012.121

2012

Nigro OD, AI Culley, GF Steward. (2012) Complete genome sequence of bacteriophage VvAW1, which infects Vibrio vulnificus. Standards in Genomic Science 6: 415-426 DOI:10.4056/sigs.2846206.

2011

Grote J, A Altunkaya, C Bayindirli, K Bergauer, P Moraes, H. Chen, L D’Ambrosio, B Edwards, B Fernández-Gomez, M Hamisi, R Logares, D Nguyen, S Rii, E Saeck, C Schutte, B Widner, MJ Church, GF Steward, DM Karl, EF DeLong, JM Eppley, SC Schuster, NC Kyrpides, MS Rappé. (2011) Draft genome sequence of strain HIMB100, a cultured representative of the SAR116 clade of marine alphaproteobacteria. Standards in Genomic Sciences 5(3) 269-278.
Steward GF and CM Preston. (2011) Analysis of a viral metagenome from 200 m depth in Monterey Bay, California constructed by direct cloning. Virology Journal 8:287 doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-287
Nigro OD, A Hou, G Vithanage, RS Fujioka, GF Steward. (2011) Seasonal and spatial variability in pathogenic Vibrio spp. in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, USA following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77(15): 5384-5393 doi:10.1128/AEM.02509-10
Tomlinson MS, EH DeCarlo, MA McManus, G Pawlak, GF Steward, FJ Sansone, OD Nigro, CE Ostrander, RE Timmerman, J Patterson, S Jaramillo. (2011) Characterizing the effects of two storms on the coastal waters of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, using data from the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System. Oceanography 24(2): 40-57
Brum JR, and GF Steward. (2011) Physical fractionation of aquatic viral assemblages. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 9: 150-163. doi: 10.4319/lom.2011.9.150
Farnelid H, AF Andersson, S Bertilsson, WA Al-Soud, LH Hansen, S Sørensen, GF Steward, Å Hagström, and L Riemann. (2011) The nitrogenase gene pool in surface waters of the global ocean is dominated by genes of non-cyanobacteria PLoS One 6(1) e19223. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019223

2010

Brum JR, and GF Steward. (2010) Morphological characterization of viruses in the stratified layers of alkaline, hypersaline Mono Lake. Microbial Ecology 60(3): 636-643
Riemann L, H Farnelid, GF Steward. (2010) Nitrogenase genes in non-cyanobacterial plankton: prevalence, diversity and regulation in marine waters. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 61(3): 235-247. doi: 10.3354/ame01431 (www.int-res.com/articles/ame_oa/same/samepp2.pdf)

2009

Culley AI, B Asuncion, GF Steward. (2009) Detection of inteins among diverse DNA polymerase genes of uncultivated members of the Phycodnaviridae. The ISME Journal. Published online, December 11, 2008; DOI:10.1038/ismej.2008.120. Published in print 2009 3: 409-413
Lang AS, ML Rise, Culley AI, GF Steward. (2009) RNA viruses in the Sea. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. Published online 26 September 2008. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00132.x. Published in print March 2009 33(2): 295-323

2008

McManus MA, RM Kudela, MW Silver, GF Steward, PL Donaghay, JM Sullivan. (2008) Cryptic blooms: Are thin layers the missing connection? Estuaries and Coasts 31: 396-401

2007

Bergeron A, M Belcaid, GF Steward and G Poisson. (2007) Divide and conquer: enriching environmental sequencing data. PLoS ONE 2(9): e830. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000830
Culley AI and GF Steward. (2007) New genera of RNA viruses in subtropical seawater inferred from polymerase gene sequences. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73(18): 5937-5944
Sinigalliano CD, ML Gidley, T Shibata, D Whitman, TH Dixon, E Laws, A Hou, D Bachoon, L Brand, L Amaral-Zettler, R Gast, GF Steward, OD Nigro, R Fujioka, WQ Betancourt, G Vithanage, J Mathews, LE Fleming, HM Solo-Gabriele. (2007) Legacy of Hurricane Katrina on the microbial landscape of the New Orleans area. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104(21): 9029-9034
Steward GF, LB Fandino, JT Hollibaugh, TE Whitledge, and F Azam. (2007) Microbial biomass and viral infections of heterotrophic prokaryotes in the sub-surface layer of the central Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research I 54(10): 1744-1757 doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2007.04.019 [available online ahead of print 16 May 2007]
Steward GF and MS Rappé. (2007) What’s the “meta” with metagenomics? The ISME Journal 1(2): 100-102 [Invited Commentary]

2006

Moisander PH, L Shiue, GF Steward, BD Jenkins, BM Bebout, JP Zehr. (2006) Application of an oligonucleotide microarray for profiling diversity of N2-fixing microorganisms and nifH gene expression in marine microbial mats. Environmental Microbiology 8(10): 1721-1735
Workman M, OD Nigro, GF Steward. (2006) Identification of prophages in coastal water isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Young Investigators Volume 15 [online at www.jyi.org/research/re.php?id=844]

2005

Brum JR, GF Steward, S Jiang, R Jellison. (2005) Spatial and Temporal variability of bacteria, viruses, and viral infections of prokaryotes in an alkaline, hypersaline lake. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 41: 247-260
Fandino, LB, L Riemann, GF Steward and F Azam. (2005) Population dynamics of Cytophaga-Flavobacteria during marine phytoplankton blooms analyzed by quantitative (TaqMan) PCR. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 40: 251-257
Stotts, S, O Nigro, TL Fowler, RS Fujioka, and GF Steward. (2005) Virulence and antibiotic resistance gene combinations among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from coastal waters of Oahu, Hawaii. Journal of Young Investigators Volume 12 [online at www.jyi.org/research/re.php?id=148]

2004

Suzuki, MT, CM Preston, O Béja, JR de la Torre, GF Steward, and EF DeLong. (2004) Quantitative phylogenetic screening of ribosomal RNA gene-containing clones in Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) libraries from different depths in Monterey Bay. Microbial Ecology 48(4): 473-488.
Brum, JR, GF Steward, and DM Karl. (2004) A novel method for the measurement of dissolved deoxyribonucleic acid in seawater. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 2: 248-255
Steward GF, JP Zehr, R Jellison, JP Montoya, and JT Hollibaugh. (2004) Vertical distribution of nitrogen-fixing phylotypes in a meromictic, hypersaline lake. Microbial Ecology 47: 30-40
Jiang S, G Steward, R Jellison, W Chu and S Choi. (2004) Abundance, distribution and diversity of viruses in alkaline, hypersaline, Mono Lake, California. Microbial Ecology 47: 9-17
Steward, GF, BD Jenkins, BB Ward, and JP Zehr. (2004) Development and testing of a DNA macroarray to assess nitrogenase gene (nifH) diversity. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70: 1455-1465
Jenkins, BD, GF Steward, SM Short, BB Ward, JP Zehr. (2004) Fingerprinting diazotroph communities in the Chesapeake Bay using a DNA macroarray Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70: 1767-1776

2003

Middelboe M, L Riemann, GF Steward, V Hansen, O Nybroe. (2003) Virus-induced transfer of organic carbon between marine bacteria in a model community. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 31: 1-10.
Zehr JP, BD Jenkins, SM Short, GF Steward. (2003) Nitrogenase gene diversity and microbial community structure: a cross-system comparison. Environmental Microbiology 5 (7): 539-554

2001

Ducklow HW, CA Carlson, M Church, DL Kirchman, DC Smith and GF Steward. (2001) The seasonal development of the bacterioplankton bloom in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, 1994-97. Deep-Sea Research II 48: 4199-4221
Ducklow HW, DC Smith, L Campbell, MR Landry, HL Quinby, GF Steward and F Azam. (2001) Heterotrophic bacterioplankton distributions in the Arabian Sea: Basin-wide response to high primary productivity. Deep-Sea Research II 48: 1303-1323
Fandino LB, L Riemann, GF Steward, RA Long and F Azam. (2001) Variations in bacterial community structure during a dinoflagellate bloom analyzed by DGGE and rDNA sequencing. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 23: 119-130
Kirchman DL, B Meon, HW Ducklow, CA Carlson, DA Hansell and GF Steward. (2001) Glucose fluxes and concentrations of dissolved combined sugars (polysaccharides) in the Ross Sea and Polar Front Zone, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II 48: 4179-4197
Zehr JP, JB Waterbury, PJ Turner, JP Montoya, E Omoregie, GF Steward, A Hansen and DM Karl. (2001) Unicellular cyanobacteria fix N-2 in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature V412:635-638.

2000

Ducklow HW, M-L Dickson, DL Kirchman, GF Steward, J Orchardo, J Marra and F Azam. (2000) Constraining bacterial production, conversion efficiency, and respiration in the Ross Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 47: 3227-3247
Garrison, DL, MM Gowing, MP Hughes, L Campbell, DA Caron, MR Dennett, A Shalapyonok, RJ Olson, MR Landry, SL Brown, HB Liu, F Azam, GF Steward, HW Ducklow and DC Smith. (2000) Microbial food web structure in the Arabian Sea: a US JGOFS study. Deep-Sea Research II 47: 1387-1422
Grossart H-P, GF Steward, J Martinez. and F Azam. (2000) A simple, rapid method for demonstrating bacterial flagella. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66: 3632-3636
Riemann L, GF Steward and F Azam. (2000) Dynamics of bacterial community composition and activity during mesocosm diatom blooms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66: 578-587
Rohwer F, A Segall, G Steward, V Seguritan, M Breitbart, F Wolven and F Azam. (2000) The complete genomic sequence of the marine phage Roseophage SIO1 indicates homology with non-marine phages. Limnology and Oceanography 45: 408-418
Steward GF, JL Montiel and F Azam. (2000) Genome size distributions indicate variability and similarities among marine viral assemblages from diverse environments. Limnology and Oceanography 45: 1697-1706

1999

Riemann L, GF Steward, LB Fandino, L Campbell, MR Landry and F Azam. (1999) Bacterial community composition during two consecutive NE monsoon periods in the Arabian Sea studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of rRNA genes. Deep Sea Research II 46: 1791-1811
Steward GF and F Azam. Bromodeoxyuridine as an alternative to 3H-thymidine for measuring bacterial productivity in aquatic samples. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 19: 57-66

1996

Martinez J, DC Smith, GF Steward and F Azam. (1996) Variability in ectohydrolytic enzyme activities of pelagic marine bacteria and its significance for substrate processing in the sea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 10: 223-230.
Steward GF, DC Smith and F Azam. (1996) Abundance and production of bacteria and viruses in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Marine Ecology Progress Series 131: 287-300.

1995

Smith DC, GF Steward, RA Long and F Azam. (1995) Bacterial mediation of carbon fluxes during a diatom bloom in a mesocosm. Deep-Sea Research Part II 42: 75-97.

1994

Azam F, GF Steward, DC Smith and HW Ducklow. (1994) Significance of bacteria in carbon fluxes in the Arabian Sea. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Earth and Planetary Science) 103: 341-351. [Review]
Azam F, DC Smith, GF Steward and Å Hagström. (1994) Bacteria-organic matter coupling and its significance for oceanic carbon cycling. Microbial Ecology 28: 167-179. [Review]

1993

Cochlan WP, J Wikner, GF Steward, DC Smith and F Azam. (1993) Spatial distribution of viruses, bacteria and chlorophyll-a in neritic, oceanic and estuarine environments. Marine Ecology Progress Series 92: 77-87.
Wikner J, JJ Vallino, GF Steward, DC Smith and F Azam. (1992) Nucleic acids from the host bacterium as a major source of nucleotides for three marine bacteriophages. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 12: 237-248.

1992

Hollibaugh JT, PS Wong, F Azam, DC Smith, GF Steward and BE Cole. (1992) Measurement of bacterioplankton production in Antarctic coastal waters: comparison of thymidine and l-leucine methods and verification of labeling patterns. Antarctic Journal of the United States 27(5): 127-128.
Smith DC, GF Steward, F Azam and JT Hollibaugh. (1992) Virus and bacteria abundance in the Drake Passage during January and August 1991. Antarctic Journal of the United States 27: 125-127.
Steward GF, J Wikner, DC Smith, WP Cochlan, and F Azam. (1992) Estimation of virus production in the sea: I. Method development. Marine Microbial Food Webs 6: 57-78
Steward GF, J Wikner, WP Cochlan, DC Smith and F Azam (1992) Estimation of virus production in the sea: II. Field results. Marine Microbial Food Webs 6: 79-90

1989

Chang HM, CB Berde, GG Holz 4th, GF Steward and RM Kream (1989). Sufentanil, morphine, met-enkephalin, and kappa-agonist (U-50,488H) inhibit substance P release from primary sensory neurons: a model for presynaptic spinal opioid actions. Anesthesiology 70: 672-677

Book Chapters

Steward, GF, AI Culley, EM Wood-Charlson. (2013) Marine Viruses. In Levin, S. [ed]. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. Academic Press.
Culley, AI, CA Suttle, and GF Steward. (2010) Characterization of the diversity of marine RNA viruses. In CA Suttle, SW Wilhelm and MG Weinbauer [eds.], Manual of Aquatic Viral Ecology. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography.
Lawrence, JE, and GF Steward. (2010) Purification of viruses by centrifugation. In CA Suttle, SW Wilhelm and MG Weinbauer [eds.], Manual of Aquatic Viral Ecology. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography.
Steward, GF, and AI Culley. (2010) Extraction and purification of nucleic acids from viruses. In CA Suttle, SW Wilhelm and MG Weinbauer [eds.], Manual of Aquatic Viral Ecology. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography.
Noble RT and GF Steward. (2001) Estimating viral proliferation in aquatic samples. In: J. Paul (ed) Marine Microbiology. Methods in Microbiology Series Vol 30. Academic Press Ltd., London
Steward GF. (2001) Fingerprinting viral assemblages by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In: J. Paul (ed) Marine Microbiology. Methods in Microbiology Series Vol 30. Academic Press Ltd., London
Steward GF and F Azam. (2000) Analysis of marine viral communities. In: C. R. Bell, M. Brylinski and P. Johnson-Green (ed) Microbial Biosystems: New Frontiers. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology, Atlantic Canada Society for Microbial Ecology, Halifax pp. 159-165
Azam F, DC Smith, RA Long and GF Steward. (1995) Bacteria in oceanic carbon cycling as a molecular problem In: I. Joint (ed.) Molecular Ecology of Aquatic Microbes. NATO ASI Series Vol. G 38, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 39-54.

Other

Technical Report

Joint I, Karl DM, Doney SC, Armbrust VE, Balch WM, Beman M, Bowler C, Church M, Dickson A, Heidelberg JF, Iglesias-Rodriguez D, Kirchman D, Kolber ZS, Letelier R, Lupp C, Maberly S, Park S, Raven J, Repeta DJ, Riebesell U, Steward G, Tortell P, Zeebe RE, Zehr JP. (2009) Consequences of high CO2 and ocean acidification for microbes in the global ocean. Report from an Expert Meeting 24-26 February 2009 in Honolulu HI. Organized by Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK and the Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Honolulu, HI. Document (PDF) available at: www.pml.ac.uk/research/marine_biogeochemistry/ocean_acidification/consequences_for_microbes.aspx

Public Outreach

Steward GF (2005) Viruses in Mono Lake. Mono Lake Newsletter Vol XXVII, No. 2, p. 7

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