Keynote

In this keynote I will address the relationship between autonomy and identity. Both concepts relate to learning processes that cannot be characterized as showing “steady” or even “straightforward" development. Verhaeghe (2012) claimed that the development of one’s identity entails subsequent phases of “identification” and “separation” (in which autonomy is developed). During adolescence these phases can be seen quite clearly, but they are the essence of each process of identity development. The development of identity, and therefore also the development of autonomy, is less predictable than other learning processes, frequently fluctuates (i.e., go up and down), and sometimes even stagnates or declines - only to show later, rapid growth. I will discuss the development of autonomy in the context of such identity development. In doing so, I will also pay attention to the equal importance of identification, as a predominant focus on the development of autonomy might lead to isolation and loosing connection to peers and, in worst cases, to society. I will claim that for a positive identity to develop, processes of identification and providing possibilities for development of autonomy need to go hand in hand. Finally, I will explore ways of addressing this in education.