Edition 2026

The origins of cooperative learning can be traced back to early 20th-century pedagogical and learning psychology theories. The American philosopher and educator John Dewey (1859-1952) emphasized learning through experience and joint action, while the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) highlighted the central importance of social interactions in cognitive development. Cooperative learning remains highly relevant in current inclusive educational settings. By viewing differences as a resource and an integral component of successful learning, this method is well-suited for addressing diversity. However, cooperative learning requires careful consideration of structural conditions to ensure active participation of all students in joint learning processes. Besides, cooperative learning can enable democratic practices in a diverse classroom and promote democratic education, one of the significant tasks of schools, if certain circumstances are fulfilled.