Ammonia, a nitrogen compound, indicates the presence of excessive nutrients. Ammonia, a nitrogen compound, indicates the presence of excessive nutrients.

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Healthy water bodies require a level of six parts per million of dissolved oxygen or above for aquatic animals to survive. Dissolved oxygen in water is derived from the absorption of oxygen from the air, water plants and the aeration of water.

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Testing pH is an indicator of how acid or alkaline the water is. pH values below 5 and above 9 could be regarded as polluted. Values between 6.7 and 8.6 can support healthy fish populations.

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While phosphorus is a natural and vital nutrient in our ecosystems, changes in land-use have radically altered the amounts of phosphorus being delivered to our waterways.

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Salts and minerals are found in our soils, however, excessive salt levels can negatively impact water quality.

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Lower water temperatures usually retain higher levels of oxygen. High temperatures in association with increased nutrients may cause algal blooms and reduced oxygen levels.

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Turbidity refers to the clarity of water. It is caused by particles of dirt and algae suspended in the water. High turbidity reduces the penetration of sunlight inhibiting photosynthesis in water plants. Plants are an important part of the ecosystem as they provide food, habitat and oxygen and absorb nutrients.

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