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We develop and apply modeling tools to understand air quality in India and their impacts on human and ecosystem health. Our research integrates atmospheric science, agricultural systems, exposure assessment, and sustainability analysis using a systems-scale approach for the study of:
Nitrogen management: Agriculture and food systems pose a wicked problem - current production methods have been linked to widespread environmental damage. We use a multi-model system comprising national survey data, agricultural repositories, emissions models, air quality models, and systems-scale LCA approaches to understand tradeoffs between food and the environment. We also study the role of dietary transitions in climate change.
Ambient air quality modelling: We develop next-generation reduced-complexity models and implement chemical transport models to improve predictive understanding of air pollution, human exposure, and ecosystem impacts. Our work supports integrated assessment of air quality and public health across India.
Indoor air quality: We combine field measurements with computational fluid dynamics models to assess ventilation and infectivity metrics in high-occupancy-density microenvironments like classrooms.
List of publications are available here. Recent publications:
Babbar, D. and Balasubramanian, S. 2026. 'National-Scale Nitrogen Budgets Reveal Large Inefficiencies in Indian Agriculture'. Communications Earth and Environment. https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-026-03656-z
Tiwari, D., Mondal, A., Balasubramanian, S., Anand, A., Maji, S., Venkataraman, C. 2026. 'High risk from coincidence of extremes in particulate matter and heat in India'. Environmental Research Letters, 21(11), p. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ae2346
Arigela, R., Kannan, S., Jejurkar, P., Sethi, V., Sinha, K. and Balasubramanian, S. 2026. 'Assessment of Classroom Ventilation Strategies and Infection Risk using Spatiotemporal Modelling of CO2 Concentrations'. Building and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114393
PeARL Group, IIT Bombay
University of California, Berkeley
Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP)