Semester I (Major)

Gr-B: Physical-I

Thermodynamics-I: (08 L)

Concept of systems (open, closed and isolated) and surroundings. State of a system; Intensive and extensive variables. Partial derivatives. Exact and inexact differentials. Path function and State function. Concept of heat and work. Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Concept of thermodynamic reversibility. Concept of internal energy and 1st law of thermodynamics. Enthalpy and heat capacity, Relations between Cp and Cv. Isothermal and Adiabatic processes; Calculations of ΔU, ΔH, q and w involving ideal gases in different processes. Enthalpy of reaction. Hess’s law. Enthalpy of formation and combustion. Kirchhoff’s equation.

Chemical Kinetics-I: (06 L)

Concept of order and molecularity. Rate laws for zero, 1st and 2nd order reactions and in general for any n-th order reaction. Determination of order of a reaction by half-life and differential methods. Rate determining step and steady state approximation. Opposing, Consecutive and parallel reactions (first order steps only). Temperature dependence of rate constant and Arrhenius equation.

Kinetic Theory and Gaseous state: (07 L)

Concept of pressure and temperature from kinetic theory of gas. Nature of distribution of velocities, Maxwell's distribution of speeds in one, two and three dimensions; Kinetic energy distribution in one, two and three dimensions, calculations of average, root mean square and most probable values in each case; Collision of gas molecules; Collision diameter; Collision number and mean free path; Frequency of binary collisions (similar and different molecules); Wall collision and rate of effusion Calculation of number of molecules having energy ≥ ε. Principle of equipartition of energy and its application to calculate the classical limit of molar heat capacity of gases.

Reference Books:

1.Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. de Atkins’ Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press. 2. Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry, Narosa.3. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simons, J. D. Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, Viva Press.4. Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry, Pearson. 5. Levine, I. N. Physical Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill. 6. Maron,S.& Prutton Physical Chemistry. 7. Ball, D.W. Physical Chemistry, Thomson Press. 8. Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry, Elsevier. 9. Laidler, K. J. Chemical Kinetics, Pearson. 10. Glasstone, S. & Lewis, G.N. Elements of Physical Chemistry. 11. Rakshit, P.C., Physical Chemistry Sarat Book House. 12. Zemansky, M. W. & Dittman, R.H. Heat and Thermodynamics, Tata- McGraw-Hill. 13. Rastogi, R. P. & Misra, R.R. An Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics, Vikas. 14. Clauze& Rosenberg, Chemical Thermodynamics.