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英语的元音：
- /i:/ 和 /i/的辨别
学习区分/i: /和/i/这两个前元音。这两个音不仅仅有长短的差别，更重要的还有音调高低和肌肉松紧的差别。发长音/i: /的时候，可以依照汉语中“一”的，但舌面要离开上腭，使之不发生任何摩擦。这时汉语“一”发音和英语的/i: /就极其接近。/i: /和/i/虽是一长一短的一对，但它们的发音效果却不一样，发/i/音时，音不仅要短，舌面靠后一些, (而 /i:/是很靠前的) 还要离开上腭再稍远一点。发这个音的关键是口腔肌肉要紧一些，声音短暂，高亢。它常常介于 /i/ 和 /e/之间。
［i:] as in SEE
［i:] as in SEE
be – tea – read – feel – keep – compete;
[i] as in HIT
[i] as in HIT
pick – big – give – miss – if – city
误区: 中文元音没有长短之分, 所以，/i/ 是一个在中文中没有的音. 很多人只认为它只是比 /i:/ 发的短些就可以了。错! 发/i/ 时, 嘴唇不能咧开, 只要微微张开，发出一个短促的小音就可以了. 你的嘴唇咧开就一定会错了.
Read groups of words to practice the /i: / and /i/
1. feel fill
2. peak pick
3. sheep ship
4. seat sit
5. lead lid
6. heat hit
7. beat bit
8. read rid
Please read phrases to practice the sounds
1. sit on a seat
2. feel very sick
3. receiving a gift
4. reading practice
5. a bit too big
6. a little too sweet
Please read some sentences to further practice the sounds.
1. I feel very sick today.
2. Keep it between you and me.
3. The kid is sleeping.
4. Keep the lid on the pot.
5. He will finish reading the article in a minute.
6. Kids are having a picnic at the seaside.
7. Seeing is believing.
– Dr. Seuss
The people who treat you right, forgive the ones who don’t and believe that everything happens for a reason.
The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.
Why fit in when you were born to stand out?
Always remember you are braver than you believe, stronger than you seem, smarter than you think and twice as beautiful as you’ve ever imagined.
And will you succeed? Yes indeed, yes indeed! Ninety-eight and three-quarters percent guaranteed!
- /e/ 和 /æ/ 的辨别
前元音/e/和/æ/区别，这是汉语中没有的两个音。有的学生发/e/音容易张口过大，而发/æ/则容易张口不足。许多人在区分这两个音的时候，只注意到它们的张口程度大小不同，这倒也没错，但还要注意这两个音的发音效果也不同，发/æ/音时不只是把下巴往下拉，而要整个张开口，舌远离上颚, 唇咧开, 音要放开。而发/e/时舌离上颚近些.
[e] as in RED
[e] as in RED
get – beg – well – head – left – test;
[æ] as in CAT
[æ] as in CAT
bad – pack – tag – land – happy – match
误区: 由于中文没有这两个音，很多人用接近的汉音代替, 如，用"爱" 代替/æ/. "爱" 轻读时, 唇形较圆,而重读时, 又似从/a/ 音滑动到/i/ 音.
Please read groups of words to practice the /e/ and/æ/sounds.
1. red rat
2. bed bad
3. set sad
4. net nap
5. get gap
6. bad apple
Please read phrases to practice the sounds.
1. a red flag
2. a bag on the bed
3. a lamp on the desk
4. a mad men
5. a fat cat
6. a man of men
Please read some sentences to practice
1. Jack is a man of letters.
2. The red rat is getting mad.
3. She sat on the bed and felt very sad.
4. She won’t make friends with bad man.
5. Last Saturday was Mary’s red-letter day.
6. Sad things are hard to forget.
– Dr. Seuss
Young cat, if you keep your eyes open enough, oh, the stuff you would learn! The most wonderful stuff!
I meant what I said and I said what I meant.
Take every chance and drop every fear.
Why are they sad and glad and bad? I do not know, go ask your dad.
I meant what I said and I said what I meant.
Be sure when you step, step with care and great tact. And remember that life’s a great balancing act.
- /ʌ/ 和 /a:/的辨别
后元音/a:/和汉语中的“啊”是不一样的。发这个音呢，要比汉语中的“啊”更靠后，舌位也更低。发音时，舌尖必须离开下齿，舌身平放后缩。而且美式英语中，发/a:/音的时候, 后面加一个卷舌音/r/就会变成了/ar/的音，就是发完/a:/之后，舌尖微微翘起，但发出的音不像北京话中的“儿”化音那样重。 /ʌ/是一个特殊的音素，汉语里没有与之对等到的音。它是一个中元音。发这个音要特别注意声音要短促，不能拖泥带水。嘴唇只是微微张开.
[ʌ ]as in FUN
[ʌ ]as in FUN
- flutter - flood - under - until - sun
[a:] as in CAR
[a:] as in CAR
far – hard – sharp – large – calm – father;
误区: 虽然这两个音都很接近中文的"啊", 但都有不同. /a:/ 比“啊" 开口大, /ʌ/ 比“啊" 开口小. Love 一词若发成 "辣ve" 就大错特错了. 有时/ʌ/ 介于 /ʌ/ 和 /ə/ 之间.
Please read words to practice the /ʌ/ and /a:/ sounds.
1. duck dark
2. fun farm
3. must mask
4. bust bask
5. hut hard
6. rust rascal
7. just vast
8. lust last
Please read phrases to practice the sounds.
1. hurry to the farm
2. utterly in the dark
3. must get the task done
4. a hard nut to crack
5. no lust for playing cards
6. ducks and larks
7. hardly catch the last bus
8. pass the truck
Please read some sentences to practice the sounds.
1. He hurried to catch the last bus.
2. She has no lust for hard currency.
3. Mark is a hard nut to crack.
4. We must finish the task before dark.
5. Mark made bundles of money last year.
6. Sara feels troubled about Mark’s lust.
7. The dog just keeps barking in the dark.
8. Please do not pass the buck to others.
– Dr. Seuss
Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot. Nothing is going to get better. It’s not.
You’ll miss the best things if you keep your eyes shut.
It’s not about what it is, it’s about what it can become.
Be awesome! Be a book nut!
Today was good. Today was fun. Tomorrow is another one.
I know it is wet and the sun is not sunny, but we can have lots of good fun that is funny.
[ɔ:] 和 [ɔ] 的辨别
这一对元音也有长短之分. /ɔ/音是个后元音，因此发音时口要张得大而圆。要发好这个音，一定要把舌往后，下压的同时保持口形不变, /ɔ/ 是一个短元音。舌尖不触下齿，舌身尽量降低，后缩，开比/α:/小些, 双唇要收圆。可先发/α:/，然后将舌身稍后缩，双唇稍收，这样就发出 /ɔ/. 发/ɔ:/音的技巧就是把双唇向前凸起，双唇音的缝隙很小。
[ɔ] as in NOT
[ɔ] as in NOT
lock – rob – stop – possible – dollar;
[ɔ:] as in MORE
[ɔ:] as in MORE
form – short – law – pause – call – war;
误区: 这也是一对长短音. 注意不要把/ɔ/ 这个音发成中文的"昂". /ɔ/的唇形更圆些. 中文的"昂" 始音是"a“
Read groups of words to practice the /ɔ/ and /ɔ:/ sounds.
1. lock lord
2. dock door
3. loss lore
4. boss bore
5. hot horse
6. fox form
7. knock normal
8. pot port
Please read some phrases to practice the two sounds.
1. hear a knock on the door
2. mopping the floor
3. got the form
4. a rocky shore
5. fell hot and bored
6. do a good job in the reform
7. talking about a hot topic
8. have a talk with the boss
Please read some sentences to practice the sounds.
1. The bosses don’t want to listen to the talk.
2. Robert doesn’t want to talk about the reform.
3. Fox doesn’t want to stand in the corridor.
4. They don’t want to cooperate with his sort.
5. She doesn’t want to mop the floor for the lord.
6. She really doesn’t want to lock the door.
7. She doesn’t want to put the box in the corner.
8. They don’t want to watch the clock in the reform.
Dr. Seuss
Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot. Nothing is going to get better. It’s not.
It is better to know how to learn than to know.
If things start happening, don’t worry, don’t stew, just go right along and you’ll start happening too.
Oh, what a day. I will make it a holiday.
You’ll be on your way up! You’ll be seeing great sights! You’ll join the high fliers who soar to high heights
[u:] 和 [u] 的辨别
这一对元音的关键是把嘴唇拢小收圆. 还要注意的是/u/和 /u:/ 不仅仅存在长短的差别， 更重要的还有肌肉松紧的差别和高低音的差别，/u:/音调低，音长，/u/音调高，音短。要发好/u/音需要掌握一些要领。发这个音舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起，双唇收圆并稍稍向前突出。鉴于跟在它后面的辅音, 有时 /u/介于/e/或是/u/之间. 注意这个音是圆唇音。发/u:/音的要领是尽量收缩双唇，让气流从双唇中间冲出。发音时双唇凸起，口腔肌肉绷紧，发音时间比发/u/音长。
[u:] as in RULE
[u:] as in RULE
true – flew – move – food – choose – group;
[yu:] as in USE
[yu:] as in USE
unit – huge – cute – music – few – beautiful;
[u] as in BOOK
[u] as in BOOK
look – good – put – full – sugar – could;
- 误区: 这也是一对长短音, 但他们的发音不止是长短的问题, 所以,/u/ 在"look" 中 听起来不是"路" 的音.
- Please read groups of words to practice the /u/ and /u:/ sounds.
1. pull pool
2. full fool
3. good goose
4. look loom
5. book boom
6. foot food
7. cook cool
8. should shoot
Please read phrases to practice sounds.
1. have a good look at the food
2. put some sugar in the soup
3. cooking some French food
4. should never lose the cool
5. sit on a stool reading a book
6. a very good school for children
7. a book about a very shred woman
8. foot the bill for some fast food
Please read sentences to practice.
1. She took a very good look at our school.
2. She often cooks according to a cookbook.
3. You should keep cool before shooting.
4. You should observe the school rules.
5. We are improving the quality of the food.
6. You should not foot the bill for the fool.
7. It’s very rude of you to fool the cook.
8. You should proof-read the book again.
9. It’s no good to eat instant noodles.
10. A good book is a better food.
- Dr. Seuss
Look at me! Look at me! Look at me NOW! It is fun to have fun, but you have to know how.
You can find magic wherever you look. Sit back and relax, all you need is a book.
Be who you are and say what you feel because the ones who mind don’t matter, and the ones who matter don’t mind.
A book is just like life and anything can change.
Life’s too short to wake up with regrets. So love the people who treat you right, forgive the ones who don’t and believe that everything happens for a reason.
Today you are You, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is Youer than You
[ei] 和 [ai] 的辨别
双元音/ai/和汉语拼音中的ai 近似。注意前一个音素/a/要发到位，够长够重，而尾音/i/相比之下则要弱而短。“发不好/ei/的关键关于缺少“滑音”，也就是说，在发音时没有把握住先发好/e/再滑向/i/音的技巧，发好的关键是注意这两个双元音都是由两个音素 组成的。这就意味着，每个发音时一定要发足，切不可只发前一半而忽略后一半或反之。
[ei] as in RAY
[ei] as in RAY
may – take – name – save – wait – pain;
[ai] as in RIDE
[ai] as in RIDE
my – life – find – time – advise – deny;
误区: /ai/ 不等同于“爱”，中文的“爱”, 开口可大可小, 都不影响字的意思. 而 /ai/是两个音，由 /a/ 滑动到/i/,开口由大到小. "try” 也不是用脚“踹”。 /ei/也是开口要由大到小. 另外, Ring & rain 这对音是非常难的一个，许多人都辨别不清楚。类似的还有比如grip & grape; hill & hail。再有, Main & man 的难度和第一个也差不多，很多人分不清楚。类似的发音包括remain, maintain这些词当中的ai，很多也发不出来. Smile和smell也是很多人分不清楚. 由于中文元音发音靠前的原因，英文里的双元音中国人经常是发不准的。
Please read groups of words to distinguish the /ai/ and /ei/ sounds.
1. light late
2. fight fate
3. bite bait
4. height hate
5. sight sate
6. wide wade
Please read some phrases to practice the sounds
1. fighting against his fate
2. hate to gain a new height
3. wade in the wide fields of the wild
4. raise the price of bikes
5. his mate might be all right
Please read some sentences to further practice the two sounds
1. She hates to fight with anyone.
2. John seems to easily bite the bait.
3. Henry waved his hand to his wife.
4. These wives enjoy seeing sea waves.
5. She sates with the sight of oral fight.
6. You must pay high prices for the praise.
Dr. Seuss
Today I shall behave as if this is the day I will be remembered.
Remember me and smile, for it’s better to forget than to remember me and cry.
Don't cry because it's over. Smile because it happened.
I’m afraid sometimes you’ll play lonely games too, games you can’t win because you’ll play against you.
Oh, the things you can find if you don’t stay behind!
If you get a chance, take it. If it changes your life, let it.
Be who you are and say what you feel because those who mind don’t matter and those who matter don’t mind.
Don’t cry because it’s over, smile because it happened.
/au/发音时口型由/a/向/u/滑动合口为一。双唇逐渐收成圆形 /a/音读得清楚响亮，/u/音读得模糊短促；由口大到口小。音量由强到弱。发/u/音是把舌向后缩，舌后部稍稍抬起。而/əu/发音时口型由/ə/向/u/滑动；舌位由低到高 /ə/音读得清楚响亮，/u/音读得模糊短促；舌唇由扁平偏圆到略收圆，音量由强到弱。
[au] as in HOW
[au] as in HOW
now – down – shout – proud – mouth – count;
[əu] as in NO
[əu] as in NO
show – home – road – told – open – hero;
Please read groups of words to distinguish the / au/ and / əu/.
1. now know
2. allow load
3. how hole
4. down below
5. house host
6. mouth most
7. proud prose
8. cow goat
Please read some phrases and sentences to practice the sounds
1. not allow me to follow
2. read the poem aloud
3. The house is already sold.
4. Temperature is low in the south.
5. The mountain is covered with snow.
6. The place abounds in coal.
7. The cow is moving slowly.
8. He felt terribly cold in the house.
Read more sentences for you to recite.
1. It was a plain joke to allow the house to be sold.
2. I doubt he will be able to vote for that fellow.
3. The stolen cow must have been sold before now.
4. When you are old you will know all about this joke.
5. He is very proud of being known as a social celebrity.
Dr. Seuss
It is better to know how to learn than to know.
Only you can control your future.”
There’s no limit to how much you’ll know, depending how far beyond zebra you go.
So, open your mouth, lad! For every voice counts.
/ə/ 和 /ə:/的辨别
对绝大多数的中国学生来说一般没有大的障碍。然而，若想将这两个音发好，发得地道，仍需要进行仔细的模仿和练习。仅以不定冠词a为例。在英美人的实际发音过程中，有时会将其强化，变成近似于/ei/的音，但有的时候，它的读音被弱化。弱化的不卷舌音/ə /是英语元音中最短最弱的音，当它在某辅音后边时，只要那辅音的发音有了“声”，也就是说声带振动了，这个/ ə /的音就有了。关于中元音/ə :/ 的发音，舌身平放，舌中部稍稍抬起。一定要注意两个方面：一是要保持口形的扁平（呈微笑状），二是保持口形不变的基础上保持“音流”足够长度。这个音在美音中，会在后面一个卷舌动作，但舌尖上卷时不可接触口腔任何的部位，以免发生摩擦，因为有了摩擦，便成了辅音。
[ə :] as in SIR
[ə :] as in SIR
first – bird – hurt – search – work – better;
[ə] as in ABOUT
[ə] as in ABOUT
alert – away – useful – famous;
误区: 美音/ə/后若有时, 则卷舌. 否则,没有卷舌音. 不要任意加 r 音. 如: idea 或 Russia, 不要说成idear 和 Russiar. 另外，不要用北京话的儿音代替美音的 r 音. 北京的儿音,舌尖是翘起的。而 美音的 r只是舌尖抬起, 介于 r 和 l 之间. 所以, butter 不是 "巴特耳".
Please read groups of words to practice the /ə/ and /ə:/ sounds
1. ago girl
2. banana burn
3. container certain
4. comforter confirm
5. machine merge
6. relative rehearsal
7. facility fertile
8. about urgent
Please read some phrases to practice the sounds.
1. a research center
2. feeling a bit hurt
3. purchase facilities
4. on the surface of the matter
5. confirm the information
6. perfect performance
7. searching for an answer
8. some personal affairs
Please read some sentences to practice the sounds.
1. We need to confirm the information.
2. The doctor is certain about his success.
3. He was the first to complete the task.
4. Sandra is busy writing her term paper.
5. We’ll take measures to improve our service.
6. This is an urgent task for all companies.
7. We need to purchase some new facilities.
8. Today’s world is a world of information.
Dr. Seuss
To the world you may be one person; but to one person you may be the world.
A person’s a person no matter how small.”
/iə/和 /εə/的辨别
[iə] as in EAR
[iə] as in EAR
fear – hear – idea – tear – career
[εə] as in AIR
[εə] as in AIR
stair – bear – area – pair - care;
/iə/这个音：发音时由短元音/i/迅速向中元音/ə/滑动，舌位由高到低；唇形由扁平到自由状态。而/εə /发音时由短元音/ε/迅速向中元音/ə/滑动；发/εə/音时舌尖抵下齿。
Please read groups of words to distinguish the /iə/ and /εə / sounds.
1. Here there
2. Beer fair
3. Sincerely share
4. Really scared
5. Dear pair
6. Near chair
7. Clearly compare
8. Merely stare
Please read some phrases and sentences to practice the two sounds.
1. It’s a rare phenomenon in this area.
2. unaware of how dear it is
3. His peers fare comfortably.
4. the largest warehouse in the area
5. This tableware is rather dear.
6. This is rather a rare year.
7. The bears are all ears.
8. The pair lends a willing ear.
Please practice more sentences for you to recite.
1. He dare not say you are not sincere.
2. Most people are unaware of this idea.
3. The price of the tableware is really very dear.
4. They compared this year’s output with last year’s.
5. I scarcely like to lend a willing ear to others’ affairs.
Dr. Seuss
We are all a little weird and life’s a little weird, and when we find someone whose weirdness is compatible with ours, we join up with them and fall in mutual weirdness and call it love.
From there to here, from here to there, funny things are everywhere!
[oi] as in BOY
toy – noise – point – boil – avoid – employ;
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