Workplan 

Step 1:  Literature survey on optimization techniques for HESS sizing and Energy Management (EM) for EV application, converter topologies for HESS, control strategies of converters, battery modelling, supercapacitor modelling, case studies of EV and challenges evolve in dimensioning of multi-sources in HESS.

Step 2: Identify relevant vehicle specifications and set target performance parameters by selecting a high-performance vehicle for a standard drive cycle (US06, UDDS, NEDC)

Step 3: EV powertrain modelling of battery electric vehicle for US06 driving cycle with the desired performance to get power and energy constraints for HESS sizing.

Step 4: Adopt integrated optimization procedure to optimize the size of HESS (EBAT and ESC) by incorporating a novel efficient online energy management technique to increase the system efficiency as well as by minimizing the battery capacity loss, HESS mass and overall lifetime financial cost of HESS.

Step 5: For optimizing the size of HESS: Formulate constraints, objectives functions and mathematical expressions defining objective functions (Battery capacity loss, lifetime financial cost of HESS and HESS mass) as a function of HESS size (energy capacity of battery, EBAT and supercapacitor, ESC)

Step 6: For conflicting objective functions such as HESS mass, battery capacity loss and lifetime financial cost of HESS for EV, obtain the Pareto front (feasible solution set) by using the most suitable and computationally simple multi-objective algorithm. Based on design preference, obtain the most preferable solution on the Pareto front.

Step 7: Based on the preferred optimal HESS design, estimate the battery cycle life for the proposed energy management technique and validate the effectiveness of adopting SC in ESSs by providing a detailed comparative analysis (in terms of battery capacity loss and life cycle cost of ESS) between proposed HESS system, battery-alone and hybrid ESS configuration controlled by fundamental energy management technique used.

Step 8: Additionally, for the preferred optimal HESS solution, validate the proposed efficient energy management technique’s efficiency, comprehensiveness, and efficacy through simulations involving multiple driving cycles with different driving patterns/characteristics (US06, UDDS, & NEDC).

Step 9: Design of bi-directional DC-DC converter topology interfacing HESS to DC bus and its control strategy for HESS.

Step 10: Validation of the performance of the designed DC-DC converter through the development of a scale-down hardware prototype.