Equipments

• Environmental Chamber Quartz (ESC-Q-UAIC)

Most of the experiments are performed in the ESC-Q-UAIC simulation chamber. The reactor consists of three quartz tubes connected interconnected by Teflon flanges with a total length of 4.2 m, has an inner diameter of 0.48 m and is closed at both ends by stainless steel flanges, resulting a total volume of about 750 L. Mixing is ensured by two Teflon blade fans and evacuation to a pressure of 10-2 mbar is obtained by using a turbo molecular pump system. The photolysis is performed with two sets of lamps evenly surrounding the reactor. 32 black-light lamps (λmax = 360 nm) mimicking solar radiation and and 32 fluorescent lamp (λmax = 254 nm).

The chamber is equipped with a White type multiple-reflection gold coated mirror system with a base length of (4.2 ± 0.1) m for sensitive in situ long path absorption monitoring of reactants and products in the IR spectral range. The White system operate at 15 traverses, giving a total optical path length of (492 ± 0.2) m. Both end flanges contain inlet systems for reactants and bath gases, particle sampling, pressure and temperature measurements.

• FTIR spectrometer Bruker-Vertex 80v

Bruker-Vertex 80v FTIR spectrometer, equipped with an MCT (mercury-cadmium-telluride) detector.

• PTR-TOF-MS spectrometer, KORE

PTR-TOF-MS spectrometer is based on "soft" chemical ionization (with minimal or no fragmentation of the molecule) by "proton transfer reaction" (PTR) combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToF-MS). The spectrometer has a sensitivity of about 200 cps/ppbv for benzene and about 300 cps/ppbv for trichlorobenzene. Mass spectrometer has a resolution of about 2000 m / Δm (FWHM) and is capable to detect compounds with mass in the range 1 - 50 000 amu.

• Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Quanta 250

• LC-MS - Liquid chromatograph with mass spectrometer detector, AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES

• LC-DAD-FL - Liquid chromatography with both diode array and fluorescence detectors, AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES

• LC-ICP-MS - Agilent 7700 Liquid chromatography coupled with and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES

• HR-ToF-AMS spectrometer of chemical analysis aerosols, Aerodyne Research, AERODYNE

• UV-VIS spectrophotometer SPECORD 210 Plus, ANALYTIC JENA

• Organic Carbon/Elemental Carbon Analyzer, SUNSET LABORATORY INC.

• GC-FID-MS (Turbo) - TDSG-TDSA - Gas Chromatograph with flame ionisation and mass spectrometer detectors and thermal desorption unit, Agilent 7890 GC with FID and MS Agilent ion trap 240MS with thermodesorbtion unit Gerstel, AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES

• GCxGC – Gas Chromatograph Agilent 7890 GC with MS Agilent 5975C, AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES

• Scanning Mobility Particle Size (SMPS) unit, TSI, with Particle Counter TSI 3936L87, an SMPS type-N mode classification particle size electrostatic with differential mobility analysis module type DMA 3081

• Gas analyzers, ECOTECH: CO2 - EC 9820, ozone - EC 9810, CO - 9830 EC, SO2 - EC9850, NO/NO2 - 9841 EC.