The forgetting curve describes the rapid decline of memory retention over time, showing that information is quickly lost unless actively reviewed and retained. First proposed by Hermann Ebbinghaus in the late 19th century, the curve highlights that the steepest drop in retention occurs shortly after learning, but subsequent reviews, especially spaced ones, can significantly strengthen recall and extend the memory's durability. Strategies like self-testing, spaced repetition, and active recall are used to combat the curve by reinforcing learning and embedding information into long-term memory