Key Terms

Rashidoon= the reign of the four major caliphs, Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali, from 602-660 CE that shaped the Islamic religion and its implementation in politics

Wahhabism= a sociomoral movement to “purify” Islam created by Muhammad ibn Abd il Wahhab in the 18th century

Power-distance= the inequality of power between a less powerful individual and a more powerful individual or “Other” (ruler, god, elites, etc)

Individualism= a cultural feature in which everyone is expected to look after themselves and their family

Masculinity= regarding the emotional and social roles of the genders, higher masculinity cultures stress the importance of material rewards, including money

Uncertainty avoidance= Higher uncertainty avoidance means that the culture resists change, expresses xenophobia, and has a low tolerance for untraditional ways

Long-term orientation= the focus on the present or future, rather than focusing on the past