This dataset captures granular information on more than 600 collateralized Chinese loans to developing and emerging market country sovereigns. Please cite as "Gelpern, A., Haddad, O., Horn, S., Kintzinger, P., Parks, B.C., & Trebesch, C. (2025). How China Collateralizes. CEPR Discussion Paper No. 20379." 

Data on China's international rescue lending is available here. Please cite as "Horn, Sebastian, Bradley Parks, Carmen M. Reinhart, and Christoph Trebesch. 2023. China as an International Lender of Last Resort. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 10380."

Cross-border loan contracts by Chinese and other official and private creditors can be accessed through a public repository here. 

Please cite as: "Gelpern, Anna, Sebastian Horn, Scott Morris, Brad Parks and Christoph Trebesch. 2021. How China Lends: A Rare Look Into 100 Loan Contracts with Foreign Governments. CEPR Discussion Paper 16331."

Debt Restructurings and "Hidden Defaults"

Data on restructuring events with Chinese, Paris Club and private creditors can be found here. Please cite as "Horn, Sebastian, Carmen M. Reinhart, and Christoph Trebesch. 2022. Hidden Defaults. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 9925."