This book does two things: First, it explains the concept of many model thinking in which a thinker utilizes a library of models (never just one) to understand real world dynamics and events. Second, it provides a library of models to do so. After reading, the book serves as a toolbelt of models that can be used to analyze countless situations across essentially any domain. 

A known staple for anyone interested in understanding thinking, whether in general or their own. Kahneman famously introduces the distinction between the two titular types of thinking and explains the benefits and limitations of both. Understanding them provides the reader with a better understanding of their own thought processes as well as others.

P(H|E)=P(E|H)*P(H)/P(E), also known as Bayes' Theorem, holds a special place in many people's heart. They are known as Bayesians. To those people, the theorem simultaneously solves some of the deepest mysteries of philosophy, dissolves paradoxes in the foundations of science, and describes how a thinking mind ought to deal with evidence. And while not everyone agrees on these philosophical points, no one denies the practical impact of Bayes' Theorem on virtually every discipline that concerns statistics. However Bayes' Theorem had trouble ever coming to light. McGrayne explores the real history behind it, and how it had to prove its mettle in the most real world scenario possible: World War II.

If you're interested in science, Kuhn's landmark work is a necessary read. It coins the concept of paradigm shift, and offers one of the most novel accounts of scientific progress ever. The views here have sparked major debates across numerous topics and revolutionized philosophy of science.

It's not uncommon for math and computer science focused people to ignore biology, or worse, demean it as an arbitrary recording of sloppy facts. However biology offers some of the most fascinating theoretical challenges - as well as tools for dealing with them - which turn out to be invaluable across all disciplines. Forty retraces the four billion year history of life on Earth in remarkable clarity, and in doing so reveals some of the most beautiful features of evolution. The reader is left with a deeper understanding of the natural world around them, as well as what "random" really means. 

Mathematics was in an existential crisis. At the turn of the 20th century, mathematicians were panicking that their entire enterprise, the very field of mathematics, might crumble as a result of its own devises. Logicomix is a fun-to-read, semi-biographical graphic novel that traces the efforts of Bertrand Russell to build foundations of mathematics in logic while guarding against paradoxes. The results of his and others' efforts is not only a firm foundation of mathematics, but the building blocks for modern computers.