Grade 11: In an economy, people make choices. Government policy affects those choices.

Economic aspects of 19th and 20th century American development are stressed. Migration is another opportunity to employ benefit/cost analysis. Migration policies present an opportunity to compare the past to the present.The history of the American labor movement is described. The development of the economy and the impact of the changing nature of the economy on workers are analyzed. The changing role of women in the economy is described.The development of monetary and fiscal policy is introduced with the Great Depression and continues through the Clinton Administration.Contemporary economic problems such as poverty and the environment are discussed. This can be the place to begin the study of macroeconomics in the context of U.S. history.

11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation and its attempts to realize the philosophy of government described in the Declaration of Independence:

• Section 4. Examine the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction and of the industrial revolution, including demographic shifts and the emergence in the late nineteenth century of the United States as a world power.

11.2 Students analyze the relationship among the rise of industrialization, large-scale rural-to- urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe:

• Section 1. Know the effects of industrialization on living and working conditions, including the portrayal of working conditions and food safety in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle.

• Section 2. Describe the changing landscape, including the growth of cities linked by industry and trade, and the development of cities divided according to race, ethnicity, and class.

• Section 3. Trace the effect of the Americanization movement.

• Section 4. Analyze the effect of urban political machines and responses to them by immigrants and middle-class reformers.

• Section 5. Discuss corporate mergers that produced trusts and cartels and the economic and political policies of industrial leaders.

• Section 6. Trace the economic development of the United States and its emergence as a major industrial power, including its gains from trade and advantages of its physical geography.

• Section 7. Analyze the similarities and differences between the ideologies of Social Darwinism and Social Gospel (e.g., using biographies of William Graham Sumner, Billy Sunday, Dwight L. Moody).

• Section 8. Examine the effect of political programs and activities of Populists.

• Section 9. Understand the effect of political programs and activities of the Progressives (e.g., federal regulation of railroad transport, Children’s Bureau, the Sixteenth Amendment, Theodore Roosevelt).

11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century:

• Section 5. Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front.

11.5 Students analyze the major political, social, economic, technological, and cultural developments of the 1920s:

• Section 1. Discuss the policies of Presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover.

• Section 2. Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey’s “back-to-Africa” movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks.

• Section 4. Analyze the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment and the changing role of women in society.

• Section 7. Discuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact of new technologies (e.g., the automobile, electricity), and the resulting prosperity and effect on the American landscape.

11.6 Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government:

• Section 1. Describe the monetary issues of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that gave rise to the establishment of the Federal Reserve and the weaknesses in key sectors of the economy in the late 1920’s.

• Section 2. Understand the explanations of the principal causes of the Great Depression and the steps taken by the Federal Reserve, Congress, and Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt to combat the economic crisis.

• Section 3. Discuss the human toll of the Depression, natural disasters, and unwise agricultural practices and their effects on the depopulation of rural regions and on political movements of the left and right, with particular attention to the Dust Bowl refugees and their social and economic impact in California.

• Section 4. Analyze the effects of and the controversies arising from New Deal economic policies and the expanded role of the federal government in society and the economy since the 1930s (e.g., Works Progress Administration, Social Security, National Labor Relations Board, farm programs, regional development policies, and energy development projects such as the Tennessee Valley Authority, California Central Valley Project, and Bonneville Dam).

• Section 5. Trace the advances and retreats of organized labor, from the creation of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations to current issues of a postindustrial, multinational economy, including the United Farm Workers in California.

11.7 Students analyze America’s participation in World War II:

• Section 6. Describe major developments in aviation, weaponry, communication, and medicine and the war’s impact on the location of American industry and use of resources.

• Section 8. Analyze the effect of massive aid given to Western Europe under the Marshall Plan to rebuild itself after the war and the importance of a rebuilt Europe to the U.S. economy.

11.8 Students analyze the economic boom and social transformation of post-World War II America:

• Section 1. Trace the growth of service sector, white collar, and professional sector jobs in business and government.

• Section 2. Describe the significance of Mexican immigration and its relationship to the agricultural economy, especially in California.

• Section 3. Examine Truman’s labor policy and congressional reaction to it.

• Section 4. Analyze new federal government spending on education (including the California Master Plan), defense, welfare and interest on the national debt.

• Section 5. Describe the increased powers of the presidency in response to the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War.

• Section 6. Discuss the diverse environmental regions of North America, their relationship to local economies, and the origins and prospects of environmental problems in those regions.

• Section 7. Describe the effects on society and the economy of technological developments since 1945, including the computer revolution, changes in communication, advances in medicine, and improvements in agricultural technology.

• Section 8. Discuss forms of popular culture, with emphasis on their origins and geographic diffusion (e.g., jazz and other forms of popular music, professional sports, architectural and artistic styles).

11.9 Students analyze U.S. foreign policy since World War II:

• Section 6. Describe U.S. Middle East policy and its strategic, political, and economic interests, including those related to the Gulf War.Section 7. Examine relations between the United States and Mexico in the twentieth century, including key economic, political, immigration, and environmental issues.

11.11 Students analyze the major social problems and domestic policy issues in contemporary American society:

• Section 1. Discuss the reasons for the nation’s changing immigration policy, with emphasis on how the Immigration Act of 1965 and successor acts have transformed American society.

• Section 2. Discuss the significant domestic policy speeches of Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Carter, Reagan, Bush, and Clinton (e.g., with regard to education, civil rights, economic policy, environmental policy).

• Section 3. Describe the changing roles of women in society as reflected in the entry of more women into the labor force and the changing family structure.

• Section 5. Trace the impact of, need for, and controversies associated with environmental conservation, expansion of the national park system, and the development of environmental protection laws, with particular attention to the interaction between environmental protection advocates and property rights advocates.

• Section 6. Analyze the persistence of poverty and how different analyses of this issue influence welfare reform, health insurance reform, and other social policies.

• Section 7. Explain how the federal, state, and local governments have responded to demographic and social changes such as population shifts to the suburbs, racial concentrations in the cities, Frostbelt-to-Sunbelt migration, international migration, decline of the family farms, increases in out-of- wedlock births, and drug abuse.