Scotland is the most northerly of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, the other three are North Ireland, England, and Wales. Located in the North of Europe, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, and the Irish Sea.

It is traditionally divided into three topographic areas: The Highlands in the north, The Midland Valley, and the Southern Uplands, these two are known as the Lowlands.

While London is the capital of the United Kingdom and England, Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.

UNION OF THE CROWNS

Until the early 17th century England and Scotland were two entirely independent kingdoms but this changed with the death of the Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1630. She was unmarried and childless making her cousin James VI, King of Scotland the next available heir. The crown passed to him which meant that England and Scotland shared the same monarch under what was known as a union of the crowns.

KING CHARLES III

In the present, in the UK there is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. Charles III is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He acceded to the British throne on his mother's death Queen Elizabeth II on 8 September 2022.

Edinburgh (capital of Scotland)

Glasgow (largest city)

Scotland has a 'temperate' maritime climate with cold and humid winters and mild summers, it tends to be very changeable. The annual average temperature is 47°F (9°C) and it rains throughout the year.

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