Ptolemy (Toll-uh-mee) was a Greek philosopher and scientist who developed the geocentric theory of the solar system.
Copernicus (Cop-ern-eh-cus) was a Polish scientist who lived in the 1500s. He developed the heliocentric model of the solar system based upon Arabic textbook he had read and the space he had studied. He died before his book would ever published.
Here is a short clip about why the church did not agree with Copernicus's ideas.
"Although backed by authority and common sense, the geocentric theory did not accurately explain the movements of the sun, the moon, and the planets. This problem troubled a Polish cleric and astronomer named Nicolas Copernicus. In the early 1500s, Copernicus became interested in an old Greek idea that the sun stood at the center of the universe. After studying planetary movements for more than 25 years, Copernicus reasoned that indeed, stars, the earth, and other planets evolved around the sun"
Source: World History by McDougal Littell