In this introductory unit, you'll learn the fundamentals of Google Sheets and how spreadsheets can help you organize, analyze, and visualize data. Through hands-on activities, you'll explore key concepts like cells, rows, columns, formulas, and functions. You'll practice creating basic spreadsheets, performing calculations, and generating charts to represent information visually.
This unit is designed to build your confidence with spreadsheet tools that you'll use throughout the year and in future projects. By the end of these activities, you'll understand how to structure data effectively and use spreadsheets as a powerful tool for solving real-world problems.
How to navigate and organize data in Google Sheets
The difference between formulas and functions
How to create and customize charts to visualize data
Basic spreadsheet skills that apply to budgeting, data analysis, and more
Complete all activities and follow the instructions carefully. Check off each task as you go, and don't hesitate to ask questions if you need help!
Create Column Titles:
In cell A1, type Favorite Color to label the colors.
In cell B1, type Number of People to label the count for each color.
List the Colors:
In the cells A2 through A9, list 8 different colors (e.g., Blue, Red, Green, Yellow, etc.) to set up the categories for your data.
Enter the Data Counts:
In the cells B2 through B9, type a whole number between 0 and 10 for each color to provide the actual data for the project.
Define the Table:
Highlight the cells A1 through B9.
Click the Borders menu button (it looks like a square grid) to add a border around each cell and clearly define the table.
Center the Text:
Highlight the cells A1 through B9.
Click the Horizontal Align button (it looks like several lines of text) and choose Center to make the text in the table neat and organized.
Make it Look Nice:
Highlight the cells A1 through B9.
Click Format - Alternating Colors to make the table visually appealing and easy to read.
Create Column Titles:
In cell A1, type Animal.
In cell B1, type Number of Students.
Enter Initial Animals:
In the cells A2 through A5, list four different animals you would find at the zoo (e.g., Lion, Monkey, Giraffe, Elephant).
Enter Data:
In the cells next to the animals (B2 through B5), type in whole numbers between 0 and 10.
Add More Data:
In the cells A6 through A11, add six more different animals (e.g., Tiger, Penguin, Bear, Zebra, Hippo, Rhino).
In the cells next to these new animals (B6 through B11), type in six more whole numbers between 0 and 10.
Apply Alternating Colors:
Highlight the entire table, including the titles and all the data you just entered (A1 through B11).
Go to the Format menu and select Alternating Colors.
In the sidebar that opens, select a Purple color theme to make your table look nice.
Select the Chart Data:
Highlight the entire table, including the headers and all the animal data (A1 through B11).
Insert the Chart:
Click on the Insert Chart button in the top menu (or go to the Insert menu and click Chart).
Set Chart Type:
In the Chart Editor panel, make sure the chart type is set to Column Chart (a vertical bar graph).
Name the Chart:
In the Chart Editor, find the option to set the Chart Title and change it to "Favorite Animals at the Zoo".
Make it Look Amazing:
Use the remaining options in the Chart Editor (like changing the colors of the bars, adding 3D effects, or picking a fun font) to adjust the chart to make it look AMAZING!
Create Column Titles:
In cell A1, type Type of Sport.
In cell B1, type Students.
Enter Data:
In the cells below 'Type of Sport' (starting in A2), list a few different sports (e.g., Soccer, Basketball, Tennis, etc.).
In the cells next to the sports (starting in B2), type a whole number to represent how many Students prefer that sport.
Center the Text:
Highlight the entire table, including the titles and the data (e.g., A1 through B5).
Click the Horizontal Align button (it looks like several lines of text) and choose Center to center all the text inside the table.
Add Alternating Colors:
Highlight the entire table again (e.g., A1 through B5).
Go to the Format menu and select Alternating Colors. Choose a nice color combination to make your table easy to read.
Select the Data for the Chart:
Highlight the entire table, including the headers and all the data you just entered.
Insert the Chart:
Go to the Insert menu and click Chart (or click the 'Insert Chart' button in the toolbar).
Set Chart Type:
In the Chart Editor that opens, make sure the chart type is set to Column Chart (a vertical bar graph).
Name the Chart:
In the Chart Editor, find the option to set the Chart Title and change it to "Favorite Sports".
Label the Axes:
In the Chart Editor, find the options to label the axes. Set the title for the bottom axis (the horizontal one) to Type of Sport.
Set the title for the side axis (the vertical one) to Students.
Make it Amazing:
Use the remaining options in the Chart Editor (like changing the colors of the bars, adding a shadow, or picking a different font) to adjust the chart to make it look AMAZING!
Create Column Titles:
In cell A1, type Time of Day to label your first column.
In cell B1, type Students to label your second column.
Enter the Time Categories:
In the cells A2 through A5, write the following categories, with one in each cell: Morning, Lunchtime, Afternoon, and Evenings.
Enter Your Data:
In the cells B2 through B5, write in your made-up data using whole numbers (between 1 and 9) to show how many hours you read each week during those times.
Highlight the Data:
Highlight the entire table, including the headers and the data (A1 through B5).
Add Alternating Colors:
Go to the Format menu and select Alternating Colors. Choose a nice color combination to make your table look nice.
Center the Text:
With the table still highlighted, click the Horizontal Align button (it looks like several lines of text) and choose Center to center the text inside the table.
Insert the Chart:
With your table still highlighted, go to the Insert menu and click Chart.
Select Chart Type:
In the Chart Editor panel, make sure the chart type is set to Pie Chart.
Label the Chart:
In the Chart Editor, find the Title option and label the chart "Favorite Time to Read".
Add Data Labels:
In the Chart Editor, click on Customize $\rightarrow$ Pie Chart.
Find the option to add Data Labels (sometimes called Slice Label) and set it to show the VALUE of each pie slice. This shows the number of hours you put in your data.
Make it Look Amazing:
Use the remaining options in the Chart Editor (like changing colors or fonts) to make your chart look unique and amazing.
Create Column Titles:
In cell A1, type Month of the Year to label your first column.
In cell B1, type Days in Month to label your second column.
Enter the Months:
In cell A2, type January.
Click on cell A2, then click and drag the small square box (the fill handle) in the bottom-right corner down to cell A13. This will automatically fill the rest of the months of the year.
Enter the Days:
In the cells B2 through B13, type the total number of days for each month (assuming a non-leap year).
Calculate the Total Days:
In cell A14, type Total Days to label your final calculation.
In cell B14, type the formula =SUM(B2:B13) to find the total number of days in the year using a function.
Add a Border:
Highlight all the cells in your data range (A1 through B13).
Click on the Borders menu button (it looks like a square grid) to add a border around each cell and clearly define the table.
Apply Alternating Colors:
Highlight cells A1 through B13.
Go to the Format menu and select Alternating Colors. Choose a color combination you like to make your table visually appealing.
Select Data for the Chart:
Highlight the cells from A1 down to B13 (the month names, day counts, and headers).
Insert the Chart:
Go to the Insert menu and click Chart. The sheet will automatically create a visual picture of your data.
Change Chart Style to 3D:
In the Chart Editor panel, click on Customize $\rightarrow$ Chart Style.
Find the option to Update the chart to show as 3D to add a cool, visual effect.
Label the Chart:
In the Chart Editor, find the Title option and label the chart "Days in each Month" to clearly state what the chart is about.
Show Numbers on Bars:
In the Chart Editor, click on the Series menu and add in Data Labels to show the exact number of days above each month's bar.
Change Bar Colors:
In the Chart Editor, under the Series menu, change the color of the bars to a color you like (not the default blue). (For a fun look, you can sometimes double-click individual bars to make each month a different color.)
Create Column Titles:
In cell A1, type "Student Names" to label the first column.
In cell B1, type "Birthday" to label the second column.
Add Student Names:
In the cells A2 through A11, type in the names of 10 students (you can make up names).
Define the Table:
Highlight the cells A1 through B11.
Click the Borders menu button (it looks like a square grid) to add a border around each cell and clearly define the table.
Center the Text:
Highlight the cells A1 through B11.
Click the Horizontal Align button (it looks like several lines of text) and choose Center to make the text in the table neat and organized.
Make it Look Nice:
Highlight the cells A1 through B11.
Click Format - Alternating Colors to make the table visually appealing and easy to read.
Start the Data Validation Rule:
Click on cell B2.
Go to the Data menu and click Data Validation (or click the 'Add Rule' button on the side).
Set the Criteria:
Make sure the 'Criteria' is set to Dropdown.
Add the Options:
In the box where you see 'Option 1', add all twelve months of the year: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
Add Color to the Options:
Find the option to change the color of each dropdown choice (this is usually on the right side of the menu next to each month). Select a different color for each month you added. Click the Done button on the bottom when completed.
Apply the Dropdown:
Click on cell B2.
Click and drag the small square box (the fill handle) in the bottom-right corner down to cell B11. This copies the dropdown list to all the cells next to the student names.
Fill in the Data:
Click on each cell in column B (B2 through B11) and use the new dropdown lists to select a birthday month for each student.
Create the Title for Column A: In cell A1, type Completed to label the column for checking off finished tasks.
Create the Title for Column B: In cell B1, type Task to label the column where you list your jobs.
Insert the First Checkbox: In cell A2, click on the Insert menu and select Checkbox to put the first checkbox in your list.
Copy the Checkbox Down: Click on cell A2 and drag the handle (the small square box) down to cell A9 to add checkboxes to all the rows you need for your tasks.
List Your Tasks: In cells B2 through B9, add some simple tasks that you might do each day to fill in the actual jobs you need to get done.
Check Off Completed Items: Click the boxes in column A (A2 through A9) to show which of your tasks have been finished.
Make the Table Look Nice: Highlight the cells in columns A and B (A1 through B9). Click on the Format menu and select Alternating Colors to clearly define your table with an easy-to-read style.
Freeze the Header Row: Go to the View menu, select Freeze, and then click 1 Row. This will keep the titles of your columns visible when you scroll down.
Sort the Data: Click on any cell in Column C (which should be your 'Year Published' column). Right-click on the cell, select Sort Range, and then choose Sort Column C, A-Z. This will arrange all your data by the year the book was published.
Select Chart Data: First, click on the Column B header to select the entire column. Then, hold down the Control key (or the Command key on a Mac) and click on the Column E header. This selects both columns B and E at the same time.
Insert the Chart: Go to the Insert menu and click Chart. The sheet will automatically create a column chart showing your data.
Label the Chart Title: In the Chart Editor panel, find the option to change the Chart Title and type Popular Books Sold Over Time.
Label the Vertical Axis: In the Chart Editor, find the option to label the vertical axis (the left side) and type Total Copies Sold (Millions).
Label the Horizontal Axis: In the Chart Editor, find the option to label the horizontal axis (the bottom) and type Popular Books.
Make it 3D and Add Labels: In the Chart Editor, look under the Customize menu. Turn on the 3D option, and add Data Labels to the bars to show the exact number of copies sold.
Add a Trend Line: In the Chart Editor, go to the Series section. Find the option for Trend Line and turn it on to show the general direction of the data over time.
Create Initial Headers: In cell A1, type Period. In cell B1, type Class. In cell C1, type Teacher. Adjust the width of each column as needed during this lesson.
Add Detailed Headers: In cell D1, type Start Time. In cell E1, type End Time. In cell F1, type Location.
Format the Header Row: Select the entire top row (A1 through F1). Click the Bold button (B) and choose a bright color for the background fill. Change the font size to 16 points. This makes your titles stand out.
Enter Period Numbers: Click on cell A2. Type the number 1. Drag the small square dot in the corner of cell A2 down to cell A9. This will automatically fill the period numbers 1 through 8.
Freeze the Header Row: Click on cell A2. Go to the View menu, select Freeze, and then click 1 row. Now, when you scroll down, your header row will always stay visible.
Input Sample Schedule Data: Fill in the rest of the columns (B2 through F9) with your actual schedule information (Class names, Teacher names, Start/End Times, and Room Numbers/Locations).
Update Columns to be seen as a Time: Highlight both columns D and E by selecting the range D2:E9. Then in the top menu, click on Format - Number - Time. This will transform the number into a time block.
Add Borders: Select all the cells that have data (A1 through F9). Find the Borders tool (it looks like a square grid) and click it to apply an All Borders style to every cell.
Add Alternating Colors: Select the data rows (A1 through G9). Go to the Format menu and select Alternating colors. Choose a style you like. This makes the table easy to read.
Update Font Size: Highlight the entire Table and update the font to be 16 points.
Start a New Sheet:
Go to the bottom of the Workbook, click the plus sign (+) to open a new tab, and label the new sheet "Lesson 10".
Set Up the Titles:
In cell A1, type Item Name.
In B1, type In Stock?.
In C1, type Quantity.
In D1, type Unit Price.
In E1, type Total Cost.
In F1, type Discount.
In G1, type Final Cost.
Enter Sample Data:
In the rows starting at row 2, type in a few different items, quantities, and prices. (Example: A2: Pencil, C2: 5, D2: 0.50). Add at least 5 different items.
Calculate Total Cost:
Click on cell E2 (the first row under 'Total Cost').
Type the formula: =C2*D2. This tells the computer to multiply the quantity (C2) by the price (D2). Press Enter.
Fill Down Total Cost:
Click back on cell E2. Click and hold the small square dot in the bottom right corner and drag it down to the last row where you entered an item. This copies the formula for all items.
Set Up the Discount Rate:
Click on cell J1 and type 0.10 (which is 10%).
Label cell I1 as Discount Rate.
Calculate the Discount:
Click on cell F2 (the first row under 'Discount').
Type the formula: =E2*$J$1. The dollar signs ($) lock the discount rate (J1) so it doesn't move when you copy the formula. Press Enter.
Fill Down Discount:
Click back on cell F2 and use the small square dot to drag the formula down to the rest of your items.
Calculate Final Cost:
Click on cell G2 (the first row under 'Final Cost').
Type the formula: =E2-F2. This subtracts the discount (F2) from the Total Cost (E2). Press Enter.
Fill Down Final Cost:
Click back on cell G2 and drag the formula down to the rest of your items.
Find the Highest Cost:
Click on cell J2.
Type the formula: =MAX(G2:G6). Change the range (G2:G6) to match all the rows you used in your 'Final Cost' column. This finds the single largest number.
Find the Average Quantity:
Click on cell J3.
Type the formula: =AVERAGE(C2:C6). Change the range (C2:C6) to match all the rows you used in your 'Quantity' column. This finds the average quantity purchased.
Currency Formatting:
Select columns D, E, F, and G (Unit Price through Final Cost).
Find the format menu (usually a currency symbol like $) and click it to change all those numbers into money (dollars and cents).
Round the Final Cost:
Click on cell G2 again.
Change the formula to: =ROUND(E2-F2, 2). The 2 keeps two digits after the decimal point. Drag this new formula down.
Add a 'Buy Status' Column:
Click on cell H1 and type the new title: Buy Status.
Calculate Buy Status:
Click on cell H2.
Type the formula: =IF(G2<5, "GOOD BUY", "PRICEY"). If the cost is less than $5, the sheet will automatically say "GOOD BUY." Otherwise, it will say "PRICEY." Drag this formula down.
Find Conditional Count:
Below your other functions (in cell J4), find out how many items were "GOOD BUYs."
Type the formula: =COUNTIF(H2:H12, "GOOD BUY"). Make sure the range matches all your Buy Status rows.
Highlight Good Buys:
Select all the cells in the H column that say "GOOD BUY" or "PRICEY."
Find the Conditional Formatting option (usually under the Format menu). Set a rule: if the text is exactly "GOOD BUY", change the background color to green.
Create a Price Lookup Table:
Far below your main table (start in cell A25), create a new, small table.
Label cells A25 and B25 with: 'Item Name' and 'Wholesale Price'. Fill in your items and a lower price for each in the rows below (e.g., A26:B30).
Use a Lookup Function:
In a new column (e.g., column L), type the formula: =VLOOKUP(A2, $A$26:$B$30, 2, FALSE). The dollar signs ($) lock the lookup range for copying.