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Why Motivation Matters:
Why Motivation Matters:
Motivation affects our ability to achieve goals, get along with others, and manage stress effectively. Thus, motivation is key to maintaining an effective workplace environment where deliverables are consistently achieved. To ensure employees are motivated, Amazon takes several approaches to ensure employees are recognized and have their needs met.
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, there are 5 components of motivation: self-actualization, esteem, love and belonging, safety needs, and physiological needs.
The five levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs are as follows:
1) Physiological Needs: This level represents the most basic needs for human survival, such as food, water, shelter, and sleep. These needs are the most fundamental and must be met before an individual can move on to other needs.
2) Safety Needs: Once physiological needs are met, individuals seek safety and security in their lives. This includes the need for a safe and stable living environment, job security, and protection from physical harm.
3) Love and Belonging Needs: The next level in the hierarchy is the need for love, affection, and a sense of belonging. This includes the desire for close relationships with family, friends, and romantic partners.
4) Esteem Needs: Esteem needs refer to the desire for self-respect, achievement, and recognition from others. This includes the need for recognition, status, and a sense of accomplishment.
5) Self-Actualization Needs: The highest level of the hierarchy represents the need for personal growth and self-actualization. This includes the desire to achieve one's full potential, pursue personal interests, and engage in creative activities.
According to B.F. Skinner’s Incentive theory, rewards and punishments are what shape our behavior. The theory proposes that people are pulled toward behaviors that lead to external rewards and pushed away from actions that might lead to negative consequences. These external rewards can motivate you to do things you might otherwise avoid. For example, if the external stimulus of money is involved, it might motivate you to do your work even if you might find it unpleasant.
Based on Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiment, suggests that employees have an increase in performance if they know their work is being measured and studied. This indicates that if employees get recognition for a job well done and reassurance that their opinion matters in the workplace, it motivates them to perform better. Because Mayo noticed that employees were more productive when feedback is provided.
Edwin Locke proposed five basic principles of goal setting: clarity, challenge, commitment, feedback, and task complexity (Juliette, 2022).
This model sees goals as key determinants of behavior and acts as a guideline for how to incorporate goal-setting techniques to be successful with desired outcomes
Eysenck and Calvo (1992) theorized that cognitive anxiety in the form of worry reduces the processing and storage capacity of working memory, consequently reducing one’s motivation to perform certain tasks.
Being concerned about one’s performance turns to worry, which takes up working memory capacity and causes performance on cognitive tasks to decline.
References
References
Atkinson, J.W. (1964). An introduction to motivation. Van Nostrand.
Cherry, K. (2023, January 30). The Incentive Theory of Motivation. Verywell Mind. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/the-incentive-theory-of-motivation-2795382
Eccles, J. S., Wigfield, A., & Schiefele, U. (1998). Motivation to succeed. In W. Damon & N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development (pp. 1017–1095). John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
Eysenck, M. W., & Calvo, M. G. (1992). Anxiety and performance: The processing efficiency theory. Cognition and Emotion, 6(6), 409–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939208409696
Juliette Tocino-Smith, M. (2022, November 26). What is Locke's Goal Setting Theory of Motivation? Positive Psychology. Retrieved from https://positivepsychology.com/goal-setting-theory/
Mcleod, S. (2020, December 29). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
Perera, A. (2021, May 28). What is the Hawthorne Effect? Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/hawthorne-effect.html
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