Brief Statement of Research Interest
My research focuses on survey sampling, particularly the development of Randomized Response Technique (RRT) models for estimating sensitive behaviors in society. I work on extending RRT to address issues of trust, measurement error, and non-response, with applications in both binary and quantitative domains. Currently, I am applying these models to student populations to generate actionable insights for interventions. I actively collaborate with Dr. Sat Gupta and his students at UNC Greensboro, as well as with undergraduate researchers through the NSF-funded REU program.
I have 28 published research papers in international journals, primarily in the areas of Sampling, RRT models and Applied Statistics. In addition, I have 3 papers under review and 2 papers in press, further contributing to this field.
Year- 2025
1. Sapra, P., Zhang, Q., Khalil, S., and Gupta, S. (2025): Estimating Sensitive Variables using Auxiliary Information and Addressing Trust Deficits, Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice, (under review as part of the AISC 2024 Special Issue).
2. Kalucha, G., Khalil, S., Gupta, M. and Gupta, S. (2025): Field validation of a Mixture Binary Randomized Response Technique Model that Accounts for Trust and Measurement Error in Sensitive Trait Estimation, Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice, under review.
3. Parker, M., Gupta, S., and Khalil, S. (2025): Compromised privacy due to auxiliary information in Randomized Response Technique,” Communications in Statistics, under review.
4. Parker, M., Gupta, S., and Khalil, S. (2025): Impact of Auxiliary Information and Measurement Errors on Mean Estimation with Mixture Optional Enhanced Trust (MOET) Randomized Response Model, Axioms, 14(3), 183,
https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14030183
5. Shou, W., Gupta, S. and Khalil, S. (2025) “Kernel Density Estimation of a Sensitive Variable in the Presence of Auxiliary Information” Communications in Statistics – Theory and Methods, 54(14), 4509-4516. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2024.2422883.
6. McCance, W., Gupta, S., Khalil, S., and Shou, W. (2025): Binary Randomized Response Technique (RRT) Models Under Measurement Error. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, Vol. 54, No. 6, 2193-2200
Year- 2024
7. Parker, M., Gupta, S. and Khalil, S. (2024) “A Mixture Quantitative Randomized Response Model that improves trust in RRT Methodology” Axioms, 13(1), 11. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/axioms13010011.
8. Gupta, S., Parker, M., and Khalil, S. (2024): A Ratio Estimator for the Mean using a Mixture Optional Enhanced Trust (MOET) Randomized Response Model, Mathematics, 12(22), 3617
9. Meche, B., Poruri, V., Gupta, S. and Khalil, S. (2024). "Accounting for Measurement Error and Untruthfulness in Binary RRT Models” Mathematics 12(6), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12060875
10. Aloraini, B., Khalil, S., Qureshi, N., and Gupta, S., (2024) “Estimation of Population Variance for a Sensitive variable in Stratified Sampling using Randomized Response Technique”, REVSTAT Statistical Journal. 22(3), 277-292 https://doi.org/10.57805/revstat.v22i3.508
11. Gupta, S., Aloraini, B., Qureshi, N., and Khalil, S. (2024). Estimation of Population Variance using Optional Randomized Response Technique Model in the Presence of Measurement Errors. Communications in Statistics – Simulation and Computation, Vol. 53, No. 12, 5994-6008
Year- 2023
12. Lovig, M., Khalil, S., Rahman, S., Sapra, P., Gupta, S. (2023): A Mixture Binary RRT Model with A Unified Measure of Privacy and Efficiency. Communications in Statistics – Simulation and Computation, Vol. 52, No. 6, 2727-2737
13. Sapra, P., Mohanty, S., Khalil, S. and Gupta, S. (2023): A Hybrid Paillier Encryption and Randomized Response Technique Model for Surveying Sensitive Questions with Binary Response, Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice, Vol. 18, Article 4
Year- 2022
14. Fakhar, H., Khalil, S. (2022). “Improved Mean Estimation of Sensitive Study Variable Under Two Phase Sampling with Subsampling the Non-Respondents " Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics. (In Press)
15. Shuja, U., Khalil, S., Gupta, S. (2022). “Mean Estimation Using Scrambled Responses with the Impact of Measurement Errors in Two-Phase Sampling” Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics. 25(6), 1675-1695.
16. Gupta, S., Zhang, J., Khalil, S., & Sapra, P. (2022). Mitigating lack of trust in quantitative randomized response technique models. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 53(6), 2624–2632. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2022.2082477
17. D. Irum., Afzal, M., Khalil, S., Shamim., M., (2022) “Comparison of Shrinkage and Feature Selection Methods for Modeling GDP of Pakistan”, Journal of Statistics and Management Systems. 25(4), 957-969.
18. Sapra, P., Khalil, S. & Gupta, S. (2022). “Accounting for Lack of Trust in Optional Binary RRT Models Using a Unified Measure of Privacy and Efficiency”. Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice 16(51) https://doi.org/10.1007/s42519-022-00279-3
Year- 2021
19. Zhang, Q., Khalil, S., Gupta, S. (2021). “Mean Estimation in the Simultaneous Presence of Measurement Errors and Non-response using Optional RRT Models under Stratified Sampling”. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation. 91(17), 3492-3504.
20. Khalil, S., Zhang, Q and Gupta, S. (2021) “Mean Estimation of Sensitive Variables under Measurement Errors using Optional RRT Models” Communications in Statistics part B: Simulation and Computation. 50 (5), 1417-1426.
21. Lovig, M., Khalil, S., Rahman, S., Sapra, P and Gupta, S. (2021)” A Mixture Binary RRT Model with a Unified Measure of Privacy and Efficiency” Communications in Statistics part B: Simulation and Computation. 52(6), 2727-2737.
22. Zhang, Q., Khalil, S., and Gupta, S. (2021) “Mean Estimation of Sensitive Variables under Non-response and Measurement Errors using Optional RRT Models”. Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice. 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42519-020-00135-2
23. Aloraini, B., Khalil, S., Qureshi, N., and Gupta, S. (2021) “Variance Estimation Using an Optional Randomized Response Technique”, Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics (In Press)
Year- 2020
24. Gupta, S., Aloraini, B., Qureshi, N., and Khalil, S. (2020) “Variance Estimation Using Randomized Response Technique”, REVSTAT Statistical Journal, 18(2), 165-176.
Year- 2019
25. Khalil, S., Noor-ul-Amin, M. and Hanif, M. (2019) “Generalized Estimator of Population Mean by using Conventional and Non-Conventional Measures in the Presence of Measurement Errors” Communications in Statistics part B: Simulation and Computation. 48(2), 516-529.
26. Khalil, S., Gupta, S. and Hanif, M. (2019) “Estimation of finite Population Mean in Stratified Sampling using Scrambled Responses in the Presence of Measurement Errors” Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 48(6), 1553-1561.
27. Zhang, Q., Gupta, S., Kalucha, G., and Khalil, S. (2019) “Ratio Estimation of the Mean under RRT Models” Journal of Statistics and Management Systems. 22(1), 97-113.
Year- 2018
28. Qureshi, N., Khalil, S., Chao, C.-T and Hanif, M. (2018) “Estimation of Rare and Clustered Population Variance in Adaptive Cluster Sampling” Communications in Statistics – Theory and Methods. 48(21), 5387-5400
29. Khalil, S., Gupta, S. and Hanif, M. (2018) “A Generalized Estimator for Finite Population Mean in the Presence of Measurement Errors in Stratified Random Sampling” Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice, 12(2), 311-324.
30. Gupta, S., Mehta, S., Shabbir, J. and Khalil, S. (2018) “A Unified Measure of Respondent Privacy and Model Efficiency in Quantitative RRT Models” Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice. 12(3), 506-511.
31. Khalil, S., Noor-ul-Amin, M. and Hanif, M. (2018) “Estimation of Population Mean for a Sensitive Variable in the Presence of Measurement Error” Journal of Statistics and Management Systems. 21(1), 81-91.
32. Qureshi, N., Khalil, S. and Hanif, M. (2018) “Generalized Semi Exponential Type Estimator under Systematic Sampling” Journal of Statistical Theory and Applications. 17(2), 283-290.
33. Qureshi, N., Khalil, S. and Hanif, M. (2018) “Joint Influence of Exponential Ratio and Exponential Product Estimator for the Estimation Clustered Population Mean in Adaptive Cluster Sampling” Advances and Applications in Statistics, 53(1), 13-28