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Below we provide selected readings and resources to support those with limited understanding of formative assessment, as well as some more in-depth resources for those with extensive background knowledge and understanding. The purpose of providing these resources is to support teachers and administrators to select materials that seem most relevant to their professional needs and experiences while providing a common set of resources to support discussion and collaboration among colleagues.
videos
Formative Assessment [Video] by Dylan Wiliam
This video explains formative assessment using the analogy of a pilot who takes constant readings when flying from one location to another.
Recommended for administrators and teachers.
Formative Assessment [Video]
Summative Assessment [Video]
by Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction
These three videos go into more depth about the differences between formative and summative assessment.
Recommended for administrators.
short readings
Classroom Assessment: Minute by Minute, Day by Day by Leahy et al 2005
This short article provides a quick introduction to formative assessment and the five formative assessment strategies.
Recommended for administrators and teachers.
What do we mean by Formative Assessment? by Michigan Assessment Consortium
This 2-pager provides the definition of formative assessment, explains how formative assessment is a process, and provides three guiding questions: Where are we going? What does the student now understand? How do we get to the learning target?
Recommended for administrators and teachers.
Formative Assessment: What Do Teachers Need to Know and Do? by Margaret Heritage
This article explains formative assessment in more depth, its elements, and the knowledge and skills teachers need to implement it effectively in the classroom.
Recommended for administrators and teachers.
Formative Assessment: An Enabler of Learning by Margaret Heritage
This article explains the teacher and student roles in the formative assessment process.
Recommended for teachers.
Formative Assessment for Students with Disabilities by Susan Brookhart & Sheryl Lazarus
This is a more in-depth treatment of formative assessment practices and practical techniques to support implementation. While this resource is written from the perspective of serving students with disabilities, the strategies in this paper are not limited to use with students with disabilities. The strategies work for all students.
Recommended for teachers. Start on page 8 "What is Formative Assessment?" and read through page 28.
Supporting the Implementation of Formative Assessment [Blog] by Carla Evans
This blog post provides an overview of five barriers/facilitators that support the implementation of formative assessment practices in schools and districts.
Recommended for administrators.
A Formative Assessment Journey [Blog] by Caroline Wylie
This blog post provides an overview of how formative assessment takes hold in district practice.
Recommended for administrators.
micro-courses on formative assessment
CCEE's formative assessment micro-courses can be completed individually or in grade-level or content-area teams.
Course 101
Course 101
This course helps teachers answer these questions:
How do I know what my students are supposed to be learning?
How do I identify what my students know and can do before, during and after instruction?
How do I identify my students’ unfinished learning and accelerate learning to address achievement gaps?
How do I adjust my instruction to better meet student learning strengths and needs?
Course 201
Course 201
This course goes deeper into formative assessment concepts and helps teachers answer the following questions:
How do I involve students and their peers in the assessment process?
How do I clarify, share, and help students to understand the unit and lesson learning goals and success criteria?
How do I activate students as learning resources for one another?
How do I activate students as owners of their own learning?
How do I provide formative feedback that moves student learning forward?
Course 301
Course 301
This course is geared toward school and district leaders who want to support their teachers in developing and deepening their formative assessment practices. It helps leaders answer these questions:
How do I support the use of high-quality formative assessment practices in the classroom?
How do I engage in high-quality discussions with teachers about formative assessment processes?
How do I support teachers as they create or select formative assessment tools during or after instruction?
How do I support teachers as they involve students and their peers in the formative assessment processes?
BOOKS on Formative Assessment
One way to go deeper in your formative assessment practice is to do a book study either alone or with colleagues. Here are some suggestions:
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