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Abbreviations in this list do not need to be defined in the article text; However, where the author has included the definition alongside the abbreviation, do not remove it. In addition, where an author has used the term in full it is not necessary to abbreviate. Some other rules on abbreviations:
Define in full in the abstract and at first mention in the text. Use abbreviation subsequently.
In figures and tables, if an abbreviation or genus species name has been defined in the text prior to the first figure or table citation it need not be re-defined; however, if the author has additionally given the definition in the figure or table legend, do not remove it.
In figures and tables, if an abbreviation has not been defined in the text prior to the first figure or table citation it must be defined in the legend. The first mention of the abbreviation in the text must still be defined in full.
Do not abbreviate words if only used once (this applies to both the abstract and the main text).
Do not abbreviate Latin phrases (e.g. use ad libitum, not ad lib. Exception: sine loco (without a place) can be abbreviated to s.l. – follow author’s use).
Do not use non-standard abbreviations in section headings.
When an abbreviation that contains upper- and lower-case lettering, e.g. ‘ECoG’, occurs in an all-caps heading, keep the lower-case lettering therein.
Abbreviations found in the common abbreviations list need not be defined in the text; however, if the author has included the definition alongside the abbreviation do not remove it.
Where an author has supplied a list of abbreviations these should be incorporated into the text at the first mention.
Contents:
Contents:
A
A
abs. – absolute
AC – alternating current
ANOVA – analysis of variance (leave as author aupplied. Can be spelt out or abbreviated)
arb. units – arbitrary units not a.u. or A.U.
a.s.l. – Above sea level
AU – astronomical units not A.U.
B
B
BP – before present
bp – base pair(s)
b.p.m. – beats per minute
ca – circa (no full point )
c.c. – complex conjugate
cf. – compare with (not c.f.)
ch. – chapter
CI – confidence interval
cM – centimorgans (not cm)
cv. – cultivar
CV – coefficient of variation
DC – direct current
ddH2O – double-distilled water
d.f. – degrees of freedom (not DOF)
DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid
dsDNA – double-stranded DNA
EDTA – Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(,) e.g. – for example (not (,) eg or (,) e.g.,)
et al. – and others (not et al., or et al)
(,) etc.(,) – et cetera (and others; commas used in lists or continuous text)
g – gravity (e.g. 1000g)
GPS – global positioning system
Gyr – billion years (109 years; see notes for Myr and section on units. Ga is used when referring to a specific point in geological time)
h – hours (in a compound unit only)
IC –intracerebral
ID –infectious dose (e.g. ID50)
(,) i.e. – id est (that is; not (,) ie or (,) i.e.,)
iff – If and only if (if the author has already used the full form there is no need to abbreviate)
IR – infrared
IV – intravenous
kyr – kilo years (103 See notes for Myr and section on units.)
l – litres (use lowercase ‘l’, e.g. ‘ml’ not ‘mL’)
lab. – laboratory (abbreviation should NOT be used, unless within a quotation)
LD – lethal dose (e.g. LD50)
l.h.s. – left-hand side
m.a.s.l. – metres above sea level
min – minute(s)
mm Hg – millimetre of mercury Units of pressure
mRNA – messenger RNA
m.s.e. – mean squared error
Myr – million years (Ma is used when referring to specific point in geological time or to say how long ago an age began (e.g. the K-T event at 65 Ma). Use Myr when referring to a time span or how long the age lasted for.)
number/numbers – no./nos. (the plural is punctuated)
N.B. – nota bene (not ‘NB’ or ‘nb’)
n.s. – not significant (not ‘ns’ or ‘NS’)
ODE – ordinary differential equation
p. and pp. – page/pages (or range) used in citations
PDE – partial differential equation
Pl. or pl. – plate (alternative name for a figure, only use when referring to other work)
PO Box – Post Office Box (in authors’ affiliations)
ppb – parts per billion (i.e. 10−9)
ppbv – parts per billion by volume (used when giving atmospheric concentrations)
ppm – parts per million (not p.p.m.)
ppt – parts per thousand (‰; do not write ‘mil’)
Pr – Prandtl number
Pty – Proprietary (sometimes found in Australian addresses)
Ra – Rayleigh number
RAM – random access memory
Re – Reynolds number
RH – relative humidity
r.h.s. – right-hand side
RMS – root mean squared
RMSE – root mean squared error
RNA – ribonucleic acid
r.p.m. – revolutions per minute
s.d. – standard deviation
s.e.m. – standard error of the mean
sp. (singular) – species
spp. (plural) – species
ssp. or subsp. – (subspp. or sspp., plural) subspecies
ssDNA – single-stranded DNA
St – Saint
St. – Street (note punctuation here)
subcut. – subcutaneous
Symp. – Symposium
transl. – translated (in references only)
tRNA – transfer RNA
UV – ultraviolet
v. – version computer programs (note that italic ‘v.’ means ‘versus’ in legal cases (e.g. Morgan Grenfell v. Seven Seas Dredging (1989))
var. – variety (in plant taxa)
viz. – see
vol. – volume
vol% – percentage by volume (although not a unit in the strictest sense, a thin space should be inserted between it and the preceding no.)
v/v – volume by volume
wt% – percentage by weight (although not a unit in the strictest sense, a thin space should be inserted between it and the preceding no.)
w/v – weight by volume (of a solution)
w/w – weight by weight
yr – year (write out in full unless used in a compound unit)
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