Automated background subtraction algorithms only work for spatially spares samples, where each object is surrounded by a lot of background. In such cases you can for instance use the tophat filter in the morph module for background subtraction; this gives very similar results to the rolling ball algorithm in ImageJ.

A less messy version of this activity would be to put a piece of paper inside the bottom of a shoe box or plastic storage bin and have the kids hold the box with the egg inside and move the box around to roll the egg around the paper. My daughter used to do this with golf balls. Probably not as fun, but also not as messy.


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Geometric quantizing classical mechanics problems gives complex Hilbert spaces. In our paper we describe how to construct the imaginary bioctonions by geometrically quantizing the rolling ball problem. Then, sitting inside here, you can find both the imaginary octonions and imaginary split octonions.

Rotational inertia plays a crucial role in the rolling of balls. Objects with higher rotational inertia will resist changes in their rotational motion, meaning they will roll for a longer distance and take longer to come to a stop compared to objects with lower rotational inertia.

1. Put paints of different colours in the container.

2. Put the balls in and roll them around so they are coated with paint.

3. Position the paper in the box.

4. Place the balls in, tilt the box up and down and roll the balls on the paper in different directions to create the artwork!

My little girl was so fascinated by the colour prints the balls created on the paper, with streaks of different colours running through. She also learned to manipulate the box like tilting it to get the balls rolling from left to right, top to bottom. Exploring with balls of different sizes has also got her making a discovery of different patterns and how the thickness of the lines correlated with the size of the balls.

g to create a rolling ball fillet between two pipes. The tricky bit is that one of the requirements was to keep various radius in different segments of the joint. I used CreateRollingBallFillet method from Rhino Common, but this allows you to have a fixed radius only. I had to create multiple sections, based on multiple fillets, and finally do a loft with those se

Tik tik tik! Make the chicken lay an egg by hitting the 3 balls in the wooden hammer bench with the hammer. This is a good exercise for your child's motor skills. Have all the balls been hit in? Put the balls back and start again. They will be busy with this for a while!

I need to design something similar to a marble machine where there will be free rolling balls. I can design the thing easily using Fusion360 and I know there are some abilities for creating motion animations using joints. However, I haven't yet explored this very far. Is it possible with Fusion 360 to simulate just a free rolling ball along a track with physics (gravity, etc.)? If not, is there a recommended software that I could import a Fusion 360 model into and do these animations there?

Large 5.1cm (2 inch) diameter rolling ball tip. Bottom half of the ball is made from a hard-wearing, abrasion-resistant plastic designed to last significantly longer than standard rolling balls. Used with the constant contact technique.

In their earlier experiments where the bees were taught to score goals with wooden balls for treats, the scientists from Queen Mary University of London noticed something unexpected. Some of the bees were voluntarily rolling the balls around outside the experiments without any incentive. That they were doing so of their own volition suggested to the researchers that perhaps they were enjoying themselves, in the same way a dog might play with a fluffy toy or a kitten might tear apart a ball of yarn.

Another round of experiments saw the bees given access to a pair of colored chambers, with one containing balls and another one completely empty. The balls were then removed, but the bees gravitated toward the previous play arena, showing a preference for the chamber where they had spent time with the wooden balls. Younger bees were found to roll the balls more than older bees, and males bees were found to roll them for longer periods than the female ones.

As for why the bees might be engaging in play-like behavior is another question. Play behavior is believed to contribute to the development of cognition and motor abilities, such as foraging skills, for example. While the evidence suggests the bees found the ball-rolling rewarding, the scientists say further work is needed to understand the evolutionary advantages of it, and the role it might play in brain development.

Chittka's group conducted a previous study in 2017 in which they showed that bees could be trained to roll little wooden balls in order to receive a reward. But they also noticed instances where the bees opted to roll the balls even when there wasn't an obvious reward or benefit. The balls had been placed in a tunnel that connected the hive to the experimental arena where the food was. Several bees walked over the balls or stopped to roll them on their way back and forth from the food. Chittka et al. wondered if this might be genuine play behavior, and decided to investigate further.

For these new experiments, Chittka et al. followed a similar setup. They placed 45 bees in the arena and let them choose to walk along a straight line to a foraging area with food, or wander off that path through an area with colored wooden balls. Even when they were done feeding, most bees (37) chose to roll balls for at least one extra day after, with 29 rolling balls for two extra days after feeding. Individual bees rolled balls between 1 and 117 times across the duration of the experiment, with the latter number suggesting at least some of the bees found the activity rewarding.

In a second experiment to help determine whether this qualified as play, another 42 bees were provided access to two color-coded chambers, one of which was empty while the other always contained wooden balls. Then the balls were removed and the bees were given a choice of which chamber to spend time in. They showed a strong preference for the chamber with a color that was previously associated with the wooden balls. A third experiment revealed that younger bees rolled balls more frequently than older bees, and male bees rolled balls for longer duration than female bees.

I use ball toys a lot during my therapy sessions, whether they are in home or in the clinic. The main reason I like using balls is because once they get touched, they roll away, encouraging my patients to chase after them. This works with babies who are barely rolling, to babies who are learning to crawl, to kids who are starting to walk, kick, and run, and then of course I use them when we start practicing functional ball skills, which is usually around 1 year old.

Anyway: I really liked the idea of finding the split octonions lurking in a concrete physics problem like a ball rolling on another ball. I hoped maybe this could shed some new light on what the octonions are really all about.

There are two parts to this challenge. One is to describe the rolling ball problem in terms of split octonions. The other is to reverse the story, and somehow get the split octonions to emerge naturally from the study of a rolling ball!

The other part, getting the split octonions to show up starting from the rolling ball problem, seems to be new to us. We show that in a certain sense, quantizing the rolling ball gives the split octonions! Very roughly, split octonions can been as quantum states of the rolling ball.

Awesome! I had not read your last octonionic paper. By the way, it seems curious to me as a physicist the striking similarity of those rolling spheres/balls/circles AND epicycles in a geocentric model of the Universe.

There is a segment of length \\(L-1\\) meters, and there are L positions on it, numbered \\(1,2, ... ,L\\), equally spaced by 1 meter apart each, in the given order. There are n balls on it, at positions \\(s_1, s_2, \\dots , s_n\\) (\\(s_i < s_{i+1}\\)). Each ball is either rolling to the left of to the right at the speed of 1 meter/second. Whenever two balls hit each other, both of them change direction instantly but keep the same speed. A ball also changes direction when it reaches one of the ends of the segment (position 1 or L). You are given q queries, each one gives you two numbers \\(t_i\\) and \\(p_i\\), and you should output the position of the \\(p_i\\)-th ball after \\(t_i\\) second.

The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of the asymmetries in the dominant and non-dominant limbs when kicking stationary and rolling balls. Ten experienced Brazilian amateur futsal players participated in this study. Each participant performed kicks under two conditions (stationary ball vs. rolling ball) with the dominant and non-dominant limbs (five kicks per condition per limb). We analysed the kicking accuracy, ball and foot velocities, angular joint displacement and velocity. The asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant limbs was analysed by symmetry index and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results did not reveal any interaction between the condition and limb for ball velocity, foot velocity and accuracy. However, kicking with the dominant limb in both kicks showed higher ball velocity (stationary ball: dominant - 24.27  2.21 m  s(-1) and non-dominant - 21.62  2.26 m  s(-1); rolling ball: dominant - 23.88  2.71 m  s(-1) and non-dominant - 21.42  2.25 m  s(-1)), foot velocity (stationary ball: dominant - 17.61  1.87 m  s(-1) and non-dominant - 15.58  2.69 m  s(-1); rolling ball: dominant - 17.25  2.26 m  s(-1) and non-dominant - 14.77  2.35 m  s(-1)) and accuracy (stationary ball: dominant - 1.17  0.84 m and non-dominant - 1.56  1.30 m; rolling ball: dominant - 1.31  0.91 m and non-dominant - 1.97  1.44 m). In addition, the angular joint adjustments were dependent on the limb in both kicks (the kicks with non-dominant limb showed lower hip external rotation than the kicks with the dominant limb), indicating that the hip joint is important in kick performance. In conclusion, the kicks with the non-dominant limb showed different angular adjustments in comparison to kicks with the dominant limb. In addition, kicking a rolling ball with the non-dominant limb showed higher asymmetry for accuracy, indicating that complex kicks are more asymmetric. e24fc04721

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